Tafsir for verses: 5:73, 5:74, 5:75
لَّقَدۡ كَفَرَ ٱلَّذِينَ قَالُوٓاْ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ ثَالِثُ ثَلَٰثَةٖۘ وَمَا مِنۡ إِلَٰهٍ إِلَّآ إِلَٰهٞ وَٰحِدٞۚ وَإِن لَّمۡ يَنتَهُواْ عَمَّا يَقُولُونَ لَيَمَسَّنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنۡهُمۡ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ ٧٣ ﴿73 أَفَلَا يَتُوبُونَ إِلَى ٱللَّهِ وَيَسۡتَغۡفِرُونَهُۥۚ وَٱللَّهُ غَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ ٧٤ ﴿74 مَّا ٱلۡمَسِيحُ ٱبۡنُ مَرۡيَمَ إِلَّا رَسُولٞ قَدۡ خَلَتۡ مِن قَبۡلِهِ ٱلرُّسُلُ وَأُمُّهُۥ صِدِّيقَةٞۖ كَانَا يَأۡكُلَانِ ٱلطَّعَامَۗ ٱنظُرۡ كَيۡفَ نُبَيِّنُ لَهُمُ ٱلۡأٓيَٰتِ ثُمَّ ٱنظُرۡ أَنَّىٰ يُؤۡفَكُونَ ٧٥ ﴿75
73Surely, disbelievers are those who say, “Allah is the third of the three” while there is no god but One God. If they do not desist from what they say, a painful punishment shall certainly befall such disbelievers. 74Why then do they not turn to Allah in repentance and seek His forgiveness, while Allah is most forgiving, very merciful? 75The MasīH, son of Maryam, is no more than a Messenger. There have been messengers before him. His mother was very truthful. Both of them used to eat food. Look how We explain signs to them, then see how far they are turned away.
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Commentary

In His saying, "And there is no deity except one God," it indicates totality. This is the power with "no" which negates the genus in your saying, "There is no deity except Allah." The meaning is: And there is no deity in existence except a deity described by oneness, with no second to Him. It is Allah alone, with no partner for Him. And "from" in His saying, "Surely, those who disbelieved among them will be touched" is for clarification, like that in His saying, "So avoid the abomination of idols." If you say: Why was it not said, "Surely, a painful punishment will touch you from us?" I say: In placing the apparent in place of the implied, there is a benefit, which is the repetition of the testimony against them for disbelief in His saying, "Certainly, those who said, 'Our Lord is Allah,' have disbelieved." And in the clarification, there is another benefit, which is the informing in the interpretation of "and those who disbelieved among them" that they are in a state of disbelief.

The meaning is: Surely, those who disbelieved among the Christians specifically will be touched by a painful punishment, meaning a type of severe pain from punishment, as you say: Give me twenty of the garments, meaning of the garments specifically, not from other kinds that twenty may encompass. It may also be for partitive meaning, in the sense that: Surely, those who remained in disbelief among them will be touched, because many of them repented from Christianity. Will they not repent after this repeated testimony against them for disbelief? And this severe warning is about what they are upon. And there is astonishment at their insistence. And Allah is Forgiving and Merciful; He forgives these if they repent and others. Certainly, messengers have passed before him, a description of the messenger, meaning he is nothing but a messenger from the kind of messengers who passed before him. He came with signs from Allah, just as they brought similar to them, that Allah healed the leper and brought the dead to life by his hand. He revived the staff and made it a living thing that moves, and he parted the sea, and he obliterated by the hand of Musa. And if his creation was without a male, then He created Adam without a male or female. And his mother is a truthful woman, meaning she is also like a truthful woman among some of the believing women who believed in the prophets. So what is their status except the status of two humans: one a prophet, and the other a companion? From where did the matter become confused for you until you described them with what was not described to the other prophets and their companions? While there is no distinction or difference between them and them in any way. Then he clarified their distance from what was attributed to them in his saying, "They both ate food," because whoever needs nourishment from food and what follows it from digestion and excretion cannot be anything but a composite body of bones, flesh, veins, nerves, humors, and temperaments, along with desire and appetite, and other things that indicate that he is a created, composed, and managed being like other bodies. How can we clarify to them the signs, meaning the evident signs of proof against the invalidity of their saying, "How are they turned away?" If you say: What is the meaning of the delay in His saying, "Then look?" I say: Its meaning is between the two astonishments, meaning that He has clarified to them the signs in an astonishing manner, and that their turning away from them is more astonishing.

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