Tafsir for verse: 5:48
وَأَنزَلۡنَآ إِلَيۡكَ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ بِٱلۡحَقِّ مُصَدِّقٗا لِّمَا بَيۡنَ يَدَيۡهِ مِنَ ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ وَمُهَيۡمِنًا عَلَيۡهِۖ فَٱحۡكُم بَيۡنَهُم بِمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُۖ وَلَا تَتَّبِعۡ أَهۡوَآءَهُمۡ عَمَّا جَآءَكَ مِنَ ٱلۡحَقِّۚ لِكُلّٖ جَعَلۡنَا مِنكُمۡ شِرۡعَةٗ وَمِنۡهَاجٗاۚ وَلَوۡ شَآءَ ٱللَّهُ لَجَعَلَكُمۡ أُمَّةٗ وَٰحِدَةٗ وَلَٰكِن لِّيَبۡلُوَكُمۡ فِي مَآ ءَاتَىٰكُمۡۖ فَٱسۡتَبِقُواْ ٱلۡخَيۡرَٰتِۚ إِلَى ٱللَّهِ مَرۡجِعُكُمۡ جَمِيعٗا فَيُنَبِّئُكُم بِمَا كُنتُمۡ فِيهِ تَخۡتَلِفُونَ ٤٨ ﴿48
48We have sent down to you the Book with truth, confirming the Book before it, and a protector for it. So, judge between them according to what Allah has sent down, and do not follow their desires against the truth that has come to you. For each of you We have made a law and a method. Had Allah willed, He would have made a single community of people, but (He did not), so that He may test you in what He has given to you. Strive, then, to excel each other in good deeds. To Allah is the return for all of you. Then Allah shall tell you about that in which you disputed.
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Commentary

If you say: What is the difference between the two definitions in His saying, "And We have sent down to you the Book" and His saying, "For what is before it of the Book"? I say: The first is a definition of the covenant, because it refers to the Qur'an. The second is a definition of the type, because it encompasses the type of revealed books. It may be said: It is for the covenant because it does not refer to what is called a book in general, but rather to a specific type of it, which is what was sent down from the heavens besides the Qur'an, and it is a witness over all other books, as it attests to their correctness and stability. And it was recited (and a witness over it) with the opening of the meem, meaning it is from it in that it has been preserved from alteration and change, as He said: (Falsehood does not come to it from before it or from behind it). And what Allah, the Exalted, has dominated over, or the guardianship in every land, if one letter or movement or stillness were altered, everyone would be alerted to it, and they would be disgusted, rejecting and denying. Included is: And do not follow the meaning nor deviate. Therefore, it is transitive with 'about' as if it were said: And do not deviate from what has come to you of the truth, following their desires. For every one of you, O people, We have made a Shari'ah (law). And Yahya ibn Wathab recited with the opening of the sheen and a clear path in religion that you follow. It was said: This is evidence that we are not obliged to the laws of those before us. He made you one nation, a group united on one law, or of one nation, meaning one religion without difference in it. But He intended to test you in what He has given you of the different laws, whether you act upon them while believing that they are beneficial, differing according to circumstances and times, acknowledging that Allah intended by their differences only what wisdom necessitated. Or do you follow doubts and neglect in action? So race towards good deeds, and hasten towards them. To Allah is your return, which is a resumption in the meaning of the reasoning for racing towards good deeds. He will inform you of what you do not doubt regarding the reward that separates between your truth and falsehood, and between your actions and neglect in action.

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