Tafsir for verse: 5:41
۞ يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلرَّسُولُ لَا يَحۡزُنكَ ٱلَّذِينَ يُسَٰرِعُونَ فِي ٱلۡكُفۡرِ مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ قَالُوٓاْ ءَامَنَّا بِأَفۡوَٰهِهِمۡ وَلَمۡ تُؤۡمِن قُلُوبُهُمۡۛ وَمِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ هَادُواْۛ سَمَّٰعُونَ لِلۡكَذِبِ سَمَّٰعُونَ لِقَوۡمٍ ءَاخَرِينَ لَمۡ يَأۡتُوكَۖ يُحَرِّفُونَ ٱلۡكَلِمَ مِنۢ بَعۡدِ مَوَاضِعِهِۦۖ يَقُولُونَ إِنۡ أُوتِيتُمۡ هَٰذَا فَخُذُوهُ وَإِن لَّمۡ تُؤۡتَوۡهُ فَٱحۡذَرُواْۚ وَمَن يُرِدِ ٱللَّهُ فِتۡنَتَهُۥ فَلَن تَمۡلِكَ لَهُۥ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ شَيۡـًٔاۚ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ ٱلَّذِينَ لَمۡ يُرِدِ ٱللَّهُ أَن يُطَهِّرَ قُلُوبَهُمۡۚ لَهُمۡ فِي ٱلدُّنۡيَا خِزۡيٞۖ وَلَهُمۡ فِي ٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٞ ٤١ ﴿41
41O Messenger, those who race towards disbelief should not be a cause of grief for you, be they from those who say with their mouths, “We believe”, while their hearts do not believe, or from those who are (pronounced) Jews. They are listeners to the fallacy, listeners to other people who did not come to you. They distort the words after they had been properly placed. They say, “If you are given this, take it, and if you are not given this, then avoid it.” The one whom Allah wills to put to trial, you cannot do anything for him against Allah. They are the ones whose hearts Allah did not intend to purify. For them there is humiliation in this world, and for them there is a great punishment in the Hereafter.
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Commentary

It was recited (do not let it sadden you) with the 'yaa' pronounced with a dammah. And they hasten. The meaning is: do not worry or care about the hastening of the hypocrites in disbelief, that is, in manifesting it by what appears from them of the signs of plotting against Islam and their allegiance to the polytheists. For I am your supporter against them and will suffice you from their evil. It is said: the gray hair hastened in him, and corruption hastened in him, meaning: it occurred in him quickly. So likewise is their hastening in disbelief and their falling into it; they hasten the moment they find an opportunity they do not miss. And we have believed is the object of they said. And with their mouths is related to they said, not to we have believed. And from those who have become Jews is disconnected from what preceded it, being a report for those who listen, that is: and from the Jews is a people who listen. It is permissible to coordinate it with: (from those who said) and 'listening' is raised as: they are listeners. The pronoun refers to both groups or to those who have become Jews. And the meaning of listeners to falsehood is those who accept what the rabbis fabricate and invent of lies against Allah and distort His Book, from the saying: the king hears the words of so-and-so. From it is 'Allah hears the one who praises Him.' Listeners to another people who did not come to you, meaning the Jews who did not reach the assembly of the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, and distanced themselves from him due to their extreme hatred and intense enmity, that is, they are receptive to the rabbis and to those who are excessive in enmity who cannot bear to look at you. It is said: listeners to the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, in order to lie against him by distorting what they heard from him with addition, omission, alteration, and change. Listeners from the Messenger of Allah for the sake of another people from the Jews, they directed them as spies to convey to them what they heard from him. It is said: the listeners are the Banu Qurayzah. And the other people are the Jews of Khaybar who distort the words, they tilt and remove them from the places Allah, glorified and exalted is He, has placed them in, neglecting them from their places after they had specific places. If you are given this distorted text removed from its places, then take it and know that it is the truth and act upon it. And if you are not given it and Muhammad has informed you otherwise, then beware and be cautious of it, for it is falsehood and misguidance. It has been narrated that a nobleman from Khaybar committed adultery with a noblewoman while they were both married, and their punishment in the Torah is stoning. They disliked to stone them because of their nobility, so they sent a group of them to Banu Qurayzah to ask the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, about that. They said: If Muhammad commands you to whip and to blacken (the face), then accept it, and if he commands you to stone, do not accept it. They sent the adulterers with them, and he commanded them to be stoned, but they refused to accept it. Then Gabriel said to him: make between you and them Ibn Surayya. He said: Do you know a young white, effeminate, one-eyed man who lives in Fadak named Ibn Surayya? They said: Yes, and he is the most knowledgeable Jew on the face of the earth, and they agreed to have him as a judge. The Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, said to him: I ask you by Allah, there is no deity but Him, who split the sea for Moses and raised the mountain above you and saved you and drowned the people of Pharaoh, and who sent down upon you His Book, its lawful and unlawful, do you find in it stoning for the one who is married? He said: Yes. Then the lowly ones of the Jews jumped on him, saying: I feared that if I lied, punishment would descend upon us. Then he asked the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, about things he knew from his signs, and he said: I bear witness that there is no deity but Allah and that you are the Messenger of Allah, the unlettered Arab prophet who was foretold by the messengers. The Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, commanded the adulterers to be stoned at the door of his mosque. And whoever Allah intends to lead astray, He leaves him in confusion. And He does not intend to guide them because they are not among the people of guidance, for He knows that it will not benefit them nor will it be effective. Indeed, those who do not believe in the signs of Allah, Allah does not guide them. How will Allah guide a people who disbelieved after their faith?

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Al-ZamakhshariAbū al-Qāsim Maḥmūd ibn ʿUmar al-Zamakhsharī
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