Tafsir for verses: 45:16, 45:17
وَلَقَدۡ ءَاتَيۡنَا بَنِيٓ إِسۡرَٰٓءِيلَ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ وَٱلۡحُكۡمَ وَٱلنُّبُوَّةَ وَرَزَقۡنَٰهُم مِّنَ ٱلطَّيِّبَٰتِ وَفَضَّلۡنَٰهُمۡ عَلَى ٱلۡعَٰلَمِينَ ١٦ ﴿16﴾ وَءَاتَيۡنَٰهُم بَيِّنَٰتٖ مِّنَ ٱلۡأَمۡرِۖ فَمَا ٱخۡتَلَفُوٓاْ إِلَّا مِنۢ بَعۡدِ مَا جَآءَهُمُ ٱلۡعِلۡمُ بَغۡيَۢا بَيۡنَهُمۡۚ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ يَقۡضِي بَيۡنَهُمۡ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡقِيَٰمَةِ فِيمَا كَانُواْ فِيهِ يَخۡتَلِفُونَ ١٧ ﴿17﴾
16We gave the children of Isrā’īl the book and the wisdom and the prophet-hood, and provided them with good things, and preferred them above all (people of) the world, 17and We gave them clear proofs of the Matter (i.e. the religion). So they did not fall into disagreement out of mutual jealousy, but after the knowledge had come to them. Surely your Lord will judge between them, on the Day of Judgment, in the matters in which they used to differ.
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Commentary
The Book is the Torah, and the judgment is wisdom and jurisprudence. Or it is the separation of disputes among people, because kingship was among them and prophethood is from the good things that Allah has made lawful for them and has made good from provisions. And We have preferred them over the worlds, as We did not give others what We gave them: clear signs, verses, and miracles from the matter of religion. So the disagreement among them in religion did not occur except after knowledge came to them that would remove the disagreement. They only differed due to oppression that arose among them, or due to enmity and jealousy.
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Compare different scholarly perspectives on Surah Al-Jathiyah verse 16
Al-ZamakhshariAbū al-Qāsim Maḥmūd ibn ʿUmar al-Zamakhsharī
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