Tafsir for verse: 42:8
وَلَوۡ شَآءَ ٱللَّهُ لَجَعَلَهُمۡ أُمَّةٗ وَٰحِدَةٗ وَلَٰكِن يُدۡخِلُ مَن يَشَآءُ فِي رَحۡمَتِهِۦۚ وَٱلظَّٰلِمُونَ مَا لَهُم مِّن وَلِيّٖ وَلَا نَصِيرٍ ٨ ﴿8
8Had Allah willed, He would have made all of them a single group; but He admits whomsoever He wills into His mercy. As for the wrongdoers, they have neither a patron nor a helper.
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Commentary

He would have made them a single nation, meaning all of them believers by compulsion and coercion, as His saying: 'And if We had willed, We would have given every soul its guidance,' and His saying: 'And if your Lord had willed, all who are on earth would have believed together.' The evidence that the meaning is coercion to faith is His saying: 'So, will you compel the people until they become believers?' And His saying: 'So, will you compel?' by introducing the interrogative particle of denial on the coerced rather than on his action. This is evidence that Allah alone is capable of this coercion, and no one else. The meaning is: If your Lord had willed a will of ability, He would have compelled them all to believe. [His saying: 'to compel them all to believe' is according to the Mu'tazila; as for the Ahl al-Sunnah, the will necessitates the existence of the willed, but does not necessitate coercion and compulsion for the servants, as it does not contradict choice, due to what they have in their actions of acquisition, even if they are created by Him, glorified and exalted is He. As for that which does not necessitate the willed, it is what they call the will of wisdom, which is what is meant by command according to the Mu'tazila, and the Ahl al-Sunnah do not affirm it, as established in Tawhid. The meaning of the verse is: If your Lord had willed the faith of all, all would have believed, but He willed the faith of some, so He made those who He willed to believe. (A)]] However, He willed a will of wisdom, so He tasked them and established their affairs on what they choose, to admit the believers into His mercy, and they are the ones intended by whom He wills. Do you not see their position in contrast to the wrongdoers, and He leaves the wrongdoers without a protector or supporter in His punishment?

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Al-ZamakhshariAbū al-Qāsim Maḥmūd ibn ʿUmar al-Zamakhsharī
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