Tafsir for verses: 41:19, 41:20, 41:21
وَيَوۡمَ يُحۡشَرُ أَعۡدَآءُ ٱللَّهِ إِلَى ٱلنَّارِ فَهُمۡ يُوزَعُونَ ١٩ ﴿19 حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا مَا جَآءُوهَا شَهِدَ عَلَيۡهِمۡ سَمۡعُهُمۡ وَأَبۡصَٰرُهُمۡ وَجُلُودُهُم بِمَا كَانُواْ يَعۡمَلُونَ ٢٠ ﴿20 وَقَالُواْ لِجُلُودِهِمۡ لِمَ شَهِدتُّمۡ عَلَيۡنَاۖ قَالُوٓاْ أَنطَقَنَا ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِيٓ أَنطَقَ كُلَّ شَيۡءٖۚ وَهُوَ خَلَقَكُمۡ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٖ وَإِلَيۡهِ تُرۡجَعُونَ ٢١ ﴿21
19(Remind them of) the day when Allah’s enemies will be mustered towards the Fire. So they will be kept under control, 20until when they will come to it, their ears and their eyes and their skins will testify against them about what they used to do. 21And they will say to their skins, “Why did you testify against us?” They (the skins) will say, “We were made to speak by Allah, the One who has made every thing to speak.” And He had created you the first time, and to Him you are going to be returned.
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Commentary

It is recited 'yuhshar' in the passive form. And 'nuhshar' is recited with the pronoun 'we' and with a Dhamma on the 'sh' and a Kasra on it, and 'yuhshar' is in the active form, meaning: Allah, glorified and exalted is He, gathers the enemies of Allah, the disbelievers, from the first and the last. They are distributed, meaning they are held back, the first of them behind the last of them, meaning: their precedents are stopped until their sequences catch up with them. This refers to the multitude of the people of the Fire. We ask Allah to protect us from it by His vast mercy. If you say: What is in His saying 'until when they come to it'? I say: It is an addition for emphasis, and the meaning of the emphasis in it is that the time of their coming to the Fire must inevitably be the time of testimony against them, and there is no way for it to be devoid of it. An example of this is His saying: 'Then when it falls, you will believe in it,' meaning there must be a time of its occurrence for their belief in it, the testimony of the skins by touching the forbidden, and similar matters that lead to it from the prohibitions. If you say: How do their limbs testify against them and how do they speak? I say: Allah, glorified and exalted is He, causes them to speak just as He made the tree speak. [The phrase 'just as He made the tree speak' is based on the belief of the Mu'tazila that His speaking with Musa, blessings and peace be upon him, was the creation of speech in the tree that was at the mountain. And according to the Ahl al-Sunnah, it is by revealing to him His eternal speech and making him hear it as explained in its place.] By creating speech within it. It is said that the skins refer to the limbs. It is also said that it is a metaphor for the private parts, meaning everything: everything from the animals, as He intended in His saying: 'And Allah is capable of all things,' meaning everything from the created things. The meaning is that our speaking is not surprising from the power of Allah who is capable of making every animal speak, and of creating you and bringing you into existence for the first time, and of resurrecting you and returning you to His recompense. They only said to them: 'Why did you testify against us?' because of the enormity of their testimony against them and the great embarrassment for them from the exposure on the tongues of their limbs.

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Al-ZamakhshariAbū al-Qāsim Maḥmūd ibn ʿUmar al-Zamakhsharī
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