Tafsir for verses: 40:36, 40:37
وَقَالَ فِرۡعَوۡنُ يَٰهَٰمَٰنُ ٱبۡنِ لِي صَرۡحٗا لَّعَلِّيٓ أَبۡلُغُ ٱلۡأَسۡبَٰبَ ٣٦ ﴿36 أَسۡبَٰبَ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ فَأَطَّلِعَ إِلَىٰٓ إِلَٰهِ مُوسَىٰ وَإِنِّي لَأَظُنُّهُۥ كَٰذِبٗاۚ وَكَذَٰلِكَ زُيِّنَ لِفِرۡعَوۡنَ سُوٓءُ عَمَلِهِۦ وَصُدَّ عَنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِۚ وَمَا كَيۡدُ فِرۡعَوۡنَ إِلَّا فِي تَبَابٖ ٣٧ ﴿37
36And Fir‘aun (Pharaoh) said, “O Hāmān, make a tower for me, perhaps I could reach the ways - 37the ways to the heavens, and peek towards the God of Mūsā. And indeed I deem him a liar.” That is how his evil deeds were made attractive to Fir‘aun, and (how) he was held back from the way. The evil design of Fir‘aun was (to end) in nothing but ruin.
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Commentary

It was said: The صرح [sareh] is the apparent building that is not hidden from the observer, even from a distance. They derived it from صرح [saraḥ] of a thing if it appears. And the أسباب السماوات [asbab al-samawat] are its paths and doors and what leads to it. Everything that leads you to something is a سبب [sabab] for it, like a rope and its like. If you say: What is the benefit of this repetition? And if it were said: 'Perhaps I may reach the greatest أسباب السماوات [asbab al-samawat],' would that not suffice? I say: If a thing is made ambiguous and then clarified, it is a way of magnifying its status. So when he wanted to magnify what he hoped to reach from the أسباب السماوات [asbab al-samawat], he made them ambiguous and then clarified them. And because reaching them is a wondrous matter, he wanted to present it to a soul eager for it, to give the listener their due right of astonishment. So he made it ambiguous to attract the eager soul, then clarified it. And it was read: فأطلع [fa-atla'a] with the accusative, indicating a response to the wish, likening the wish to desire. And similar to that is تزيين [tazyeen] and that صدّ [sadd] was made beautiful for فرعون [Fir'aun] his evil deeds and he was turned away from the path. And the one who beautifies is either the devil with his whispering, as Allah, the Exalted, said: وَزَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الشَّيْطانُ أَعْمالَهُمْ فَصَدَّهُمْ عَنِ السَّبِيلِ [and the devil beautified for them their deeds and turned them away from the path], or Allah, the Exalted, in a manner of causing it, because He enabled the devil and gave him respite. And similar to this is زَيَّنَّا لَهُمْ أَعْمالَهُمْ فَهُمْ يَعْمَهُونَ [We beautified for them their deeds, so they wander blindly]. And it was read: وزين له سوء عمله [wa zayyana lahu su' amalihi], on the active form and the action is for Allah, the Exalted, indicated by His saying إِلى إِلهِ مُوسَى [to the God of Musa] and صدّ [sadd], with the opening, closing, and breaking of the صاد [sad], on the transfer of the movement of the ع [‘ayn] to the ف [fa], as it was said: قيل [qeel]. And التباب [al-tabaab] is loss and destruction. And صدّ [sadd] is a source conjoined with his evil deeds. And they were turned away, he and his people.

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