Tafsir for verse: 4:88
۞ فَمَا لَكُمۡ فِي ٱلۡمُنَٰفِقِينَ فِئَتَيۡنِ وَٱللَّهُ أَرۡكَسَهُم بِمَا كَسَبُوٓاْۚ أَتُرِيدُونَ أَن تَهۡدُواْ مَنۡ أَضَلَّ ٱللَّهُۖ وَمَن يُضۡلِلِ ٱللَّهُ فَلَن تَجِدَ لَهُۥ سَبِيلٗا ٨٨ ﴿88
88So, what is the matter with you that you have become two groups about the hypocrites, while Allah has reverted them because of what they did. Do you want to guide the one whom Allah has let go astray? The one whom Allah lets go astray, you shall never find a way for him.
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Commentary

The two groups are in the accusative case, as in your saying: 'What is wrong with you standing?' It has been narrated that a group of hypocrites requested permission from the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, to go out to the desert, claiming to be suffering from the confinement of the city. When they left, they continued traveling stage by stage until they joined the polytheists. The Muslims disagreed about them. Some said: 'They are disbelievers.' Others said: 'They are Muslims.' It was said that they were a group who had emigrated from Mecca, then they changed their minds and returned, writing to the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him: 'We are on your religion, and we were not driven out except by the confinement of the city and longing for our land.' It was said: They are a people who went out with the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, on the day of Uhud and then returned. It was said they are the 'Araniyyun who raided the herd and killed Basar. It was said they are a people who showed Islam but refrained from migration. Its meaning is: 'What is wrong with you that you have disagreed about a people who have openly shown hypocrisy and have split into two factions regarding them? Why have you not firmly declared their disbelief?' And Allah has caused them to fall back, meaning He has returned them to the ruling of the polytheists as they were because of what they earned from their apostasy and their joining the polytheists and their scheming against the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him. Or He caused them to fall into disbelief by abandoning them until they fell into it, due to His knowledge of the sickness of their hearts. 'Do you wish to guide those whom Allah has led astray?' meaning to include among the guided those whom Allah has caused to go astray. Mahmoud said: 'Its meaning is: those whom He has made... etc.' Ahmad said: 'With these two aspects, he flees from the truth and reality. As for the truth, it is because Allah is the One who created misguidance for the one who is misguided, as there is no creator except Allah. As for the reality, it is because the verse necessitates attributing the origin to the action of Allah, the Exalted. Therefore, the imagination in distorting the agency into causation is a deviation from reality to metaphor. And you have known the motivation for this belief, so we will not repeat it.' From among the misguided, and He ruled against him or abandoned him until he went astray. And it was read: 'He caused them to fall back.' And 'They fell into it.'

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Al-ZamakhshariAbū al-Qāsim Maḥmūd ibn ʿUmar al-Zamakhsharī
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