Commentary
By falsehood, in what the Sharia does not permit, such as theft, betrayal, usurpation, gambling, and contracts of usury, except that it be trade. It has been read as trade on: except that the trade be trade by mutual consent among you, and the exception is disconnected. Its meaning is: but aim for trade to be by mutual consent among you.
Or, but let trade be by mutual consent, which is not prohibited. And the saying: (by mutual consent) is an attribute of trade, meaning trade that arises from mutual consent. Trade is specifically mentioned because most means of livelihood are related to it.
Mutual consent is the satisfaction of the two parties in what they have contracted at the time of sale during the offer and acceptance, and this is the view of Abu Hanifa, may Allah have mercy on him. According to Al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, they must separate from the contract session mutually agreeing.
And do not kill yourselves, those of you who are of the same kind among the believers. And from Al-Hasan: do not kill your brothers, or a man should not kill himself as some ignorant ones do. And from Amr ibn Al-As: he interpreted it regarding tayammum due to fear of cold, and the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, did not deny him. [Narrated by Abu Dawood from the narration of Abdul Rahman ibn Jubair from Ibn Al-As, who said: 'I had a wet dream on a cold night during the battle of Dhatu al-Salasil, and I feared that if I bathed, I would perish, so I performed tayammum and then prayed with my companions the dawn prayer. They mentioned that to the Prophet, blessings and peace be upon him, who said: O Amr, you prayed with your companions while you were in a state of janabah. I informed him of what prevented me from bathing, and I said: I heard Allah say (and do not kill yourselves, indeed Allah is merciful to you). The Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, laughed and did not say anything.' And Al-Bukhari narrated it, stating: it is mentioned from Amr ibn Al-As, and this hadith has been reported differently on Yazid ibn Abi Habib from Imran ibn Anas from Abdul Rahman, and it was narrated by Yahya ibn Ayyub in this manner, and Amr ibn Al-Harith differed in chain and text: as for the chain, he added between Abdul Rahman and Amr and Abu Qais, the freedman of Amr, and as for the text, he said instead of tayammum: 'perform wudu and wash your private parts.' And Yahya ibn Ayyub agreed with him, and Ibn Lahi'ah at Ishaq ibn Rahawayh, and Ahmad narrated it with the first chain, and Ibn Hibban narrated it with the second chain, and both Al-Hakim and Al-Daraqutni narrated it with both chains.]
And it was read by Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, (and do not kill yourselves) with emphasis. Indeed, Allah is merciful to you; He has not prohibited you from what harms you except for His mercy upon you. And it is said: its meaning is that He commanded the Children of Israel to kill themselves as a means of repentance for them and a purification of their sins. And He was merciful to you, O nation of Muhammad, as He did not impose upon you those difficult obligations. That refers to killing, meaning whoever proceeds to kill souls unjustly and wrongfully, not by mistake or retribution. And (unjustly) has been read with a kasrah. And (we will admit him) with a softened or a strengthened lam. And (we will admit him) with an opened noon from the root of 'salah' which means to admit him. From it is a slaughtered sheep, and (we will admit him) with the pronoun referring to Allah, or to that, as it is a cause for the fire, meaning a specific fire of severe punishment. And that is easy for Allah because wisdom calls for it, and there is no diversion from it due to oppression or the like.
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