Tafsir for verse: 4:113
وَلَوۡلَا فَضۡلُ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيۡكَ وَرَحۡمَتُهُۥ لَهَمَّت طَّآئِفَةٞ مِّنۡهُمۡ أَن يُضِلُّوكَ وَمَا يُضِلُّونَ إِلَّآ أَنفُسَهُمۡۖ وَمَا يَضُرُّونَكَ مِن شَيۡءٖۚ وَأَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيۡكَ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ وَٱلۡحِكۡمَةَ وَعَلَّمَكَ مَا لَمۡ تَكُن تَعۡلَمُۚ وَكَانَ فَضۡلُ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيۡكَ عَظِيمٗا ١١٣ ﴿113﴾
113If the grace of Allah and His mercy had not been with you, a group from them had resolved to mislead you, while they mislead none but themselves; and they can do you no harm. Allah has revealed to you the Book and the wisdom, and has taught you what you did not know. The grace of Allah on you has always been great.
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Commentary

And if it were not for the favor of Allah upon you and His mercy, a group of them would have intended to mislead you from judging with truth and seeking the path of justice, while they knew that the wrongdoer was their companion. It has been reported that some of them knew the essence of the story, and they do not mislead except themselves, for the consequences of it are upon them, and they do not harm you in anything. This is because you acted based on the apparent situation, and it did not occur to you that the truth was contrary to that. And He taught you what you did not know of hidden matters and the secrets of hearts, or of matters of religion and laws. It is permissible that the group refers to Banu Dhafar, and the pronoun in 'from them' refers to the people. It has been said that the verse is about the hypocrites.

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Al-ZamakhshariAbū al-Qāsim Maḥmūd ibn ʿUmar al-Zamakhsharī
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