Tafsir for verse: 39:38
وَلَئِن سَأَلۡتَهُم مَّنۡ خَلَقَ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضَ لَيَقُولُنَّ ٱللَّهُۚ قُلۡ أَفَرَءَيۡتُم مَّا تَدۡعُونَ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ إِنۡ أَرَادَنِيَ ٱللَّهُ بِضُرٍّ هَلۡ هُنَّ كَٰشِفَٰتُ ضُرِّهِۦٓ أَوۡ أَرَادَنِي بِرَحۡمَةٍ هَلۡ هُنَّ مُمۡسِكَٰتُ رَحۡمَتِهِۦۚ قُلۡ حَسۡبِيَ ٱللَّهُۖ عَلَيۡهِ يَتَوَكَّلُ ٱلۡمُتَوَكِّلُونَ ٣٨ ﴿38
38If you ask them as to who created the heavens and the earth, they will certainly say, “Allah.” Say, “Then, tell me about those whom you invoke other than Allah, if Allah intends to cause some harm to me, are they (able) to remove the harm caused by Him? Or if He intends to bless me with mercy, are they (able) to hold back His mercy (from me)?” Say, “Allah is sufficient for me. In Him trust those who (rightly) trust (in someone).”
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Commentary

It was recited: 'the ones who remove harm' and 'the ones who hold back mercy' with tanween as per the original, and with addition for ease.

If you say: Why was the matter made obligatory upon him alone and not upon them? I say: Because they frightened him with the disgrace of idols and their delusions. So he was commanded to first affirm to them that the Creator of the world is Allah alone. Then he says to them after the affirmation: If the Creator of the world, whom you have acknowledged, intends for me harm from illness, poverty, or other calamities, or mercy from health, wealth, or the like, are those whom you have frightened me with capable of removing my harm or holding back His mercy? Until when he silences them and cuts them off so that they cannot utter a word, he says: 'Allah is sufficient for me against the disgrace of your idols; upon Him the ones who rely rely.' And in it is mockery. It is narrated that the Prophet, blessings and peace be upon him, asked them and they were silent, so the verse was revealed: 'Say: Allah is sufficient for me.'

If you say: Why is it said: 'the ones who remove' and 'the ones who hold back' in the feminine after His saying: 'And they frighten you with those besides Him'? I say: They are feminine, and they were females, and they are al-Lat, al-Uzza, and Manat. Allah, glorified and exalted is He, said: 'Have you seen al-Lat and al-Uzza and Manat, the third, the other one? For you is the male and for Him is the female.' To weaken and incapacitate them further than what He demanded of them regarding removing harm and holding back mercy. Because femininity is associated with softness and gentleness, just as masculinity is associated with strength and firmness. As if He said: The females, who are al-Lat, al-Uzza, and Manat, are weaker than what you claim for them and more incapable. And in it is also mockery.

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