Commentary
This speech is addressed to the angels and is a reprimand for the disbelievers. It is based on the common saying: 'I mean you, so listen, O neighbor. O sister of the best of the Bedouins and the civilized... How do you see in the young man of Fazarah? He has become enamored with a fragrant free woman... I mean you, so listen, O neighbor.' This is by Sahl ibn Malik al-Fazari, addressing the sister of Harithah ibn La'm, who had asked about her brother but did not find him. She welcomed him and honored him, and he saw her in utmost beauty and perfection, so he recited this. She responded by saying: 'I say, O young man of Fazarah, I do not seek a husband nor promiscuity, nor to part from the people of guidance of the neighborhood. So depart to your people with honor.' He departed, then came back to her brother again, and he was handsome. She secretly sent to him to propose to her, so he did, and he married her and took her away. The Bedouins refer to the desert dwellers, and the civilized refer to the urban dwellers. The meaning of 'how' is an interrogative noun in the accusative case indicating what you see in the young man of this tribe, meaning himself. In it, there is an allusion to proposing to her. 'Al-Mu'tarah' means one who is very fragrant, and the addition of the feminine 'taa' to 'ma'fal' is unusual—if it is for the distinction between masculine and feminine as in this case—or it could be for emphasis, not for femininity. 'Al-Di'arah' means immorality, filth, and corruption. 'Hadhihi' is a demonstrative pronoun. Her saying 'with honor' means in completeness and without deficiency, or in confusion and without guidance. It is said: 'The vessel became full and complete.' And a man is said to be 'istahara' when he is confused in his opinion. Similarly, the verse of Allah, 'Did you say to the people, "
," take me and my mother as two gods besides Allah?
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