Tafsir for verses: 34:32, 34:33
قَالَ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱسۡتَكۡبَرُواْ لِلَّذِينَ ٱسۡتُضۡعِفُوٓاْ أَنَحۡنُ صَدَدۡنَٰكُمۡ عَنِ ٱلۡهُدَىٰ بَعۡدَ إِذۡ جَآءَكُمۖ بَلۡ كُنتُم مُّجۡرِمِينَ ٣٢ ﴿32 وَقَالَ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱسۡتُضۡعِفُواْ لِلَّذِينَ ٱسۡتَكۡبَرُواْ بَلۡ مَكۡرُ ٱلَّيۡلِ وَٱلنَّهَارِ إِذۡ تَأۡمُرُونَنَآ أَن نَّكۡفُرَ بِٱللَّهِ وَنَجۡعَلَ لَهُۥٓ أَندَادٗاۚ وَأَسَرُّواْ ٱلنَّدَامَةَ لَمَّا رَأَوُاْ ٱلۡعَذَابَۚ وَجَعَلۡنَا ٱلۡأَغۡلَٰلَ فِيٓ أَعۡنَاقِ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْۖ هَلۡ يُجۡزَوۡنَ إِلَّا مَا كَانُواْ يَعۡمَلُونَ ٣٣ ﴿33
32Those who were overbearing will say to those weak, “Had we stopped you from (accepting) guidance after it came to you? Rather, you yourselves were guilty.” 33And those weak will say to those overbearing, “But (it was your) intriguing day and night (that stopped us from accepting guidance), when you were directing us to disbelieve in Allah and to set up rivals to Him.” And all of them will conceal (their) regrets when they will see the punishment. And We will place iron-collars around the necks of those who disbelieved. They will not be recompensed except for what they used to do.
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Commentary

The first name, I mean, is 'We', the particle of denial, because the purpose is to deny that they are the ones preventing them from faith. It affirms that they are the ones who have prevented themselves from it, and that they have come by their own choice, as if they said: 'Did we force you and prevent you from being able to choose after it came to you, after you had determined to enter into faith and your intentions were correct in choosing it?' Rather, you have prevented yourselves from its share and preferred misguidance over guidance, and you obeyed the command of desire over the command of restraint. Thus, you were criminals and disbelievers by your own choice, not by our words and temptations. If you say: 'Since 'idh' and 'iza' are conditions necessary for the conditionality, why is 'idh' added to it?' I say: Time has expanded in a way that it has not expanded in anything else, so time is added to it, just as it is added to sentences in your saying: 'I came to you after 'idh' Zayd came, and at that time, and on that day, and that was when Al-Hajjaj was the commander, and when Zayd left.' When the arrogant denied by saying: 'Did we prevent you?' they claimed that they were the reason for the disbelief of the oppressed and confirmed by saying: 'Rather, you were criminals' that this was by their own actions and choices. The oppressed responded to them by saying: 'Rather, it is the plotting of night and day.' They invalidated their denial with their own denial, as if they said: 'The crime was not from us, but from your constant plotting against us, day and night, and your leading us to polytheism and taking rivals.' The meaning of the plotting of night and day is your plotting against us in the night and day, so the condition expanded by making it function like the object and adding the plotting to it. Or it is said that their night and day are plotting in a figurative attribution. It is also read: 'Rather, the plotting of the night and day' with tanween and the accusative of the two conditions. And 'Rather, the plotting of the night and day' with the nominative and accusative. That is, you constantly plot temptation without ceasing. If you say: 'What is the reason for the nominative and accusative?' I say: It is a subject or a predicate, meaning: 'Rather, the cause of that is your plotting' or 'Your plotting is the cause of that.' The accusative is on: 'Rather, you constantly plot temptation like the plotting of night and day.' If you say: 'Why is it said: 'The arrogant said' without conjunction, and 'And the oppressed said'?' I say: Because the words of the oppressed came first, so the answer was brought without a conjunction in a manner of resumption, then another speech was brought for the oppressed, which was connected to their first speech. If you say: 'Who is the possessor of the pronoun in 'And they concealed'?' I say: The genus that includes the two types of the arrogant and the oppressed, they are the wrongdoers in His saying: 'When the wrongdoers are halted before their Lord,' the arrogant will regret their misguidance and misleading, and the oppressed will regret their misguidance and following the misleading ones 'around the necks of those who disbelieved,' meaning in their necks. Thus, it came explicitly to highlight their blame and to indicate what they deserved of shackles. And from Qatadah: They concealed the speech among themselves. It is said: They concealed regret and made it apparent, and this is from opposites.

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Al-ZamakhshariAbū al-Qāsim Maḥmūd ibn ʿUmar al-Zamakhsharī
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