They harm Allah and His Messenger. There are two aspects to this. The first is that harming them is expressed by doing what they dislike and do not approve of: such as disbelief, sins, denial of prophethood, and opposing the Shari'ah, and the various types of harm they inflicted upon the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, in a figurative sense. I have made it a metaphor for both of them. The reality of harm is true for the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, so that I do not make a single expression convey both the meaning of metaphor and reality. The second is that it is meant to harm the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him. It has been said regarding the harm to Allah: it is the saying of the Jews, Christians, and polytheists: 'The hand of Allah is tied,' and 'He is the third of three,' and 'The Messiah is the son of Allah,' and 'The angels are the daughters of Allah,' and 'The idols are His partners.' It has also been said: it is the words of those who distort His names and attributes. And from the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, regarding what he narrated from his Lord: 'The son of Adam has insulted Me, and it is not appropriate for him to insult Me, and he has harmed Me, and it is not appropriate for him to harm Me. As for his insult to Me, it is his saying: 'Indeed, I have taken a child.' And as for his harm to Me, it is his saying: 'Indeed, Allah will not resurrect me after I have died.' And from 'Ikrimah: it is the action of those who create images, seeking to form a likeness of Allah's creation. [This was narrated by al-Tabari from the hadith of Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, and from the hadith of Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, in a similar manner.] It has been said regarding the harm to the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, that it is their saying: 'He is a magician, a poet, a soothsayer, a madman.' It has also been said: breaking his tooth and injuring his face on the Day of Uhud. And it has been said: their slander against him regarding his marriage to Safiyyah bint Huyayy. The harm to Allah and His Messenger is unrestricted, while the harm to the believing men and women is restricted, because the harm to Allah and His Messenger can only be unjust. As for the harm to the believing men and women, it can be from this and that. The meaning of 'without what they have earned' is without wrongdoing and deserving of harm. It has been said: it was revealed about some hypocrites who harmed Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, and heard him. It has also been said: about those who slandered Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her. And it has been said: about the fornicators who pursued women while they were unwilling. And from al-Fudayl: it is not permissible for you to harm a dog or a pig without right, so how about harming the believing men and women? And Ibn Awn would not rent shops except from the people of the dhimmah, due to the awe it brings during the passing of the year.