Commentary
Medinan, and it is seventy-three verses [revealed after Al-Imran] 'In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful'.
From Zur, he said: Ubayy ibn Ka'b, may Allah be pleased with him, said to me: How many verses do you count in Surah Al-Ahzab? I said: Seventy-three verses. He said: By the One in whose hand is the soul of Ubayy ibn Ka'b, it was equal to Surah Al-Baqarah or longer.
And we read from it the verse of stoning: The male and female adulterer, stone them both to death as a punishment from Allah. And Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise [[Narrated by Al-Nasa'i, Ibn Hibban, Al-Hakim, Al-Tabarani in Al-Awsat, and Ibn Mardawayh, all from this chain.]]. Ubayy, may Allah be pleased with him, meant that this is part of what was abrogated from the Qur'an. As for what is narrated: that this addition was in a manuscript in the house of Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, and that a domestic animal ate it, this is from the fabrications of the heretics and the Rafidah [[I say: Rather, its narrator is trustworthy and not suspected. Ibrahim Al-Harbi said in Al-Gharib: Harun ibn Abdullah narrated to us that the stoning was revealed in Surah Al-Ahzab written on a palm leaf in the house of Aisha. And her sheep ate it. And Abu Ya'la, Al-Daraqutni, Al-Bazzar, Al-Tabarani in Al-Awsat, and Al-Bayhaqi in Al-Ma'rifah all narrated from the path of Muhammad ibn Ishaq from Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr from Aisha and from Abdul Rahman ibn Al-Qasim from his father from Aisha. It has ended. And it seems that the author understood that the establishment of this addition necessitates what the Rafidah claim: that parts of the Qur'an have been lost. And this is not necessary; rather, this is something whose recitation was abrogated while its ruling remains. And the eating of domestic animals occurred after the abrogation.]] He made his calling to the Prophet and Messenger in His saying: O Prophet, fear Allah. O Prophet, why do you prohibit? O Messenger, convey what has been revealed to you, and he left calling him by his name as he said: O Adam. O Musa. O Isa.
O David: a honor for him and a distinction, and a raising of his status and a highlighting of his virtue. If you say: If his name is not mentioned in the call, it has been mentioned in the report in His saying, 'Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah,' and 'Muhammad is only a Messenger.' I say: That is to teach the people that he is the Messenger of Allah and to instruct them to call him that and to address him by it. There is no difference between the call and the report. Do you not see how what was not intended for teaching and instruction in the report is mentioned similarly to how it is mentioned in the call: 'Indeed, there has come to you a Messenger from among yourselves,' and the Messenger said, 'O Lord, indeed there was for you in the Messenger of Allah a good example,' and 'Allah and His Messenger have more right to please him,' and 'The Prophet is closer to the believers than themselves.' Indeed, Allah and His angels send blessings upon the Prophet, and if they had believed in Allah and the Prophet. Fear Allah: persist in what you are upon of piety, remain steadfast in it, and increase in it, for piety is a door that has no end. And do not obey the disbelievers and the hypocrites; do not assist them in anything. And do not accept their opinions or counsel, and avoid them and be cautious of them, for they are the enemies of Allah and the enemies of the believers; they desire nothing but harm and opposition. It has been narrated that when the Prophet, blessings and peace be upon him, migrated to Medina, he loved the Islam of the Jews of Qurayzah, an-Nadir, and Banu Qaynuqa, and some of them pledged allegiance to him in hypocrisy, so he would soften his side towards them and honor their young and old. And if something ugly came from them, he would overlook it, and he would hear from them [[I did not find it.]] Then it was revealed. It has been narrated that Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Ikrimah ibn Abi Jahl, and Abu al-A'war as-Salami came to him during the truce that was between him and them, and Abdullah ibn Ubayy, Mu'tab ibn Qushayr, and al-Jad ibn Qays stood with them. They said to the Prophet, blessings and peace be upon him: 'Reject the mention of our gods and say that they intercede and benefit, and we will leave you and your Lord.' This troubled the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, and the believers, and they intended to kill them [[Thus mentioned by al-Thalabi and al-Wahidi without a chain.]], so it was revealed: 'Fear Allah in breaking the covenant and abandoning the truce, and do not obey the disbelievers from the people of Mecca and the hypocrites from the people of Medina in what they have requested from you.' It has been narrated that the people of Mecca called the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, to return from his religion and offered him half of their wealth, and that they would marry him to Shibah ibn Rabi'ah's daughter, and the hypocrites of Medina threatened him that they would kill him if he did not return. Then it was revealed: 'Indeed, Allah was Knowing of what is right from what is wrong, and of what is beneficial from what is harmful, Wise; He does not do anything nor command it except for a reason of wisdom. And follow what is revealed to you in leaving the obedience of the disbelievers and the hypocrites and other than that. Indeed, Allah, who reveals to you, is All-Aware of what you do.' So what is revealed to you is what rectifies your deeds, so there is no need for you to listen to the disbelievers. And it was read: 'they do,' with a y, meaning: by what the hypocrites do of their plotting against you and their scheming against you. And put your trust in Allah and assign your affair to Him; entrust it to His management, for He is a Guardian, entrusted with every matter.
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