Tafsir for verses: 33:15, 33:16
وَلَقَدۡ كَانُواْ عَٰهَدُواْ ٱللَّهَ مِن قَبۡلُ لَا يُوَلُّونَ ٱلۡأَدۡبَٰرَۚ وَكَانَ عَهۡدُ ٱللَّهِ مَسۡـُٔولٗا ١٥ ﴿15 قُل لَّن يَنفَعَكُمُ ٱلۡفِرَارُ إِن فَرَرۡتُم مِّنَ ٱلۡمَوۡتِ أَوِ ٱلۡقَتۡلِ وَإِذٗا لَّا تُمَتَّعُونَ إِلَّا قَلِيلٗا ١٦ ﴿16
15despite that they had already made a covenant with Allah that they would not turn their backs; and a covenant with Allah has to be answered for. 16Say, “Flight will never be of any use to you, if you flee from death or killing, and even then you will not be left to enjoy (life) but for a little while.”
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Commentary

Ibn Abbas reported: They pledged to the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, on the night of Al-Aqabah to protect him from what they protect themselves from. It was said: They are a people who were absent from Badr, and they said: If Allah grants us the opportunity to fight, we will certainly fight. And from Muhammad ibn Ishaq: They pledged on the day of Uhud not to flee after what was revealed concerning them, which was a matter that required fulfillment. Fleeing will not benefit you from what you must face, whether it be death or killing. And if fleeing benefits you in some way, and you are delayed, that enjoyment will only be for a short time. And from some of the narrators: He passed by a leaning wall and hurried, and this verse was recited to him, and he said: That little we seek.

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Al-ZamakhshariAbū al-Qāsim Maḥmūd ibn ʿUmar al-Zamakhsharī
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