Tafsir for verse: 31:32
وَإِذَا غَشِيَهُم مَّوۡجٞ كَٱلظُّلَلِ دَعَوُاْ ٱللَّهَ مُخۡلِصِينَ لَهُ ٱلدِّينَ فَلَمَّا نَجَّىٰهُمۡ إِلَى ٱلۡبَرِّ فَمِنۡهُم مُّقۡتَصِدٞۚ وَمَا يَجۡحَدُ بِـَٔايَٰتِنَآ إِلَّا كُلُّ خَتَّارٖ كَفُورٖ ٣٢ ﴿32
32And when they are covered by waves like canopies, they pray to Allah, having faith exclusively in Him. Then, once He brings them safe to the land, some of them remain balanced, (while others turn ungrateful by denying Allah’s signs.) And no one denies Our signs except every ungrateful traitor.
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Commentary

The wave rises and overlaps, then returns like shadows. The shadow is everything that shades you, be it from a mountain, a cloud, or otherwise. It is also recited as 'like the shadows,' the plural of shadow, like 'scarcity' and 'scarcities.' Among them is a moderate one, intermediate in disbelief and injustice, lowered from its excess, and has restrained somewhat of its excess. Or it is moderate in the sincerity that he had in the sea, meaning that this sincerity that arises in fear does not remain for anyone at all, and the moderate one is rare and few. It is said: a believer who has remained steadfast on what he has pledged to Allah in the sea. 'Al-khatr' is the utmost treachery. Hence their saying: 'You do not extend to us a span of treachery except that we extend to you an arm of utmost treachery.' It is said: 'If you were to see Abu Umair, you would fill your hands with treachery and utmost treachery.' [Treachery is the utmost of khatr. It has been narrated that the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, saw a man counting with his right hand: 'Subhan Allah, Alhamdulillah, La ilaha illallah, Allahu Akbar, and there is no power and no strength except with Allah, the Most High, the Most Great,' and with his left fingers: 'O Allah, forgive me, have mercy on me, guide me, provide for me, and make me whole.' The Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, said: 'You have filled your hands with good.' He likened the abstract to the tangible in a metaphorical manner. The fullness of the hands is an imaginative expression, and he mentioned them because the man counted with them. The poet struck a parable for the state of Abu Umair and those who see him in a mocking illustrative metaphor, for whoever sees him and counts his faults, it is as if he filled his hands with evil, not good, and the omission of counting indicates that merely by seeing, that occurs.]}

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