Tafsir for verse: 31:20
أَلَمۡ تَرَوۡاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَخَّرَ لَكُم مَّا فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَأَسۡبَغَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ نِعَمَهُۥ ظَٰهِرَةٗ وَبَاطِنَةٗۗ وَمِنَ ٱلنَّاسِ مَن يُجَٰدِلُ فِي ٱللَّهِ بِغَيۡرِ عِلۡمٖ وَلَا هُدٗى وَلَا كِتَٰبٖ مُّنِيرٖ ٢٠ ﴿20
20Have you not seen that Allah has subjugated for you what is in the heavens and what is on the earth, and has perfected His blessings on you, both outward and inward? But among people there are those who debate about Allah with no knowledge, no guidance and no book to enlighten.
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Commentary

What is in the heavens: the sun, the moon, the stars, the clouds, and others. And what is in the earth: the seas, the rivers, the minerals, the animals, and what cannot be counted. And he has made abundant [UNTRANSLATED-LATIN: qary] with the letters seen and sad. And so it is with every seen that is accompanied by ghain, khah, and qaf. You say in [UNTRANSLATED-LATIN: salakh], [UNTRANSLATED-LATIN: salakh], and in [UNTRANSLATED-LATIN: saqar]: [UNTRANSLATED-LATIN: saqr], and in [UNTRANSLATED-LATIN: saligh]: [UNTRANSLATED-LATIN: saligh]. It is reported: His blessings, and blessing, and His blessing. If you ask: What is the blessing? I say: Every benefit intended for good. And Allah, the Exalted, created the entire world as a blessing, because it is either an animal or not an animal. What is not an animal is a blessing for the animal, and the animal is a blessing in that its existence as a living being is a blessing for it. Because if it were not for its existence as a living being, it would not be able to benefit. And everything that leads to benefit and makes it valid is a blessing. If you ask: Why is the creation of the world intended for good? I say: Because He does not create it except for a purpose, otherwise it would be futile, and futility is not permissible for Him, nor is it permissible for Him to have a purpose that returns to Him from benefit, because He is self-sufficient and does not need benefits. So it remains that it must be for a purpose that returns to the animal, which is its benefit. If you ask: What is the meaning of the apparent and the hidden? I say: The apparent is everything that is known by observation, and the hidden is what is known only by evidence, or is not known at all. How many blessings are there in the human body that are not known and cannot be discovered? They have elaborated on this: From Mujahid: The apparent is the manifestation of Islam and victory over enemies, and the hidden is the support from the angels. And from Al-Hasan, may Allah be pleased with him: The apparent is Islam, and the hidden is concealment. And from Al-Dhahhak: The apparent is good appearance, tall stature, and the proportioning of the limbs. And the hidden is knowledge. It is said: The apparent is sight, hearing, the tongue, and other apparent limbs. And the hidden is the heart, the mind, understanding, and similar things. It is narrated in the supplication of Moses, peace be upon him: My Lord, show me the most hidden of Your blessings upon Your servants. He said: The most hidden of My blessings upon them is the soul. And it is narrated that the easiest way the people of the Fire are punished is by taking their breaths.

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Al-ZamakhshariAbū al-Qāsim Maḥmūd ibn ʿUmar al-Zamakhsharī
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