Tafsir for verse: 31:17
يَٰبُنَيَّ أَقِمِ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَأۡمُرۡ بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِ وَٱنۡهَ عَنِ ٱلۡمُنكَرِ وَٱصۡبِرۡ عَلَىٰ مَآ أَصَابَكَۖ إِنَّ ذَٰلِكَ مِنۡ عَزۡمِ ٱلۡأُمُورِ ١٧ ﴿17
17My dear son, establish Salāh , and bid the Fair and forbid the Unfair, and observe patience on what befalls you. Surely, this is among the matters of determination;
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Commentary

And be patient with what has afflicted you. It may be general in everything that befalls him from trials, or it may be specific to what befalls him in what he is commanded regarding enjoining good and forbidding evil: from the harm of those whom he sends towards good and forbids them from evil. Indeed, that is among what Allah has determined of matters, meaning: He has decreed it as obligatory and binding. From this is the hadith, "There is no fasting for one who does not intend to fast from the night." Meaning he has not determined it by intention: Do you not see His saying, blessings and peace be upon him, "For one who does not spend the night in fasting?" And from it, "Indeed, Allah loves that His concessions be taken just as He loves that His obligations be taken." This was narrated by Ibn Abi Shaybah and Ibn Adi through the path of Abu Salamah from Abu Hurairah, who said that a man said, "O Messenger of Allah, should I shorten the prayer during my travel?" He said: "Yes, indeed Allah loves that His concessions be taken just as He loves that His obligations be taken." In it is Umar ibn Abdullah ibn Abi Khush'am al-Yamami, who is considered weak in hadith, as stated by Ibn Adi. It was also narrated through the path of Sa'd ibn Sa'id ibn Abi Sa'id, who reported to me from my brother Abdullah about his father. That Abu Hurairah raised it similarly. It was narrated by Ibn Hibban, Ahmad, al-Bazzar, and Abu Ya'la from the narration of Harb ibn Qays from Nafi' from Ibn Umar with the wording: "Indeed, Allah loves that His concessions be given just as He loves that His obligations be given." And in this regard, there is something from Ibn Abbas. It was narrated by Ibn Hibban, al-Tabarani, and Abu Nu'aym in al-Hilyah from the narration of Hisham ibn Hasan from Ikrimah from him with the wording of Ibn Umar and from Ibn Mas'ud. It was narrated by al-Tabarani, al-Aqili, and Abu Nu'aym from the narration of Ma'mar ibn Abdullah al-Ansari from Shu'bah from al-Hakam from Ibrahim from Alqamah from him. Ma'mar is unique in raising it, while Ghandar and Ruh ibn Abadah and others narrated it from Shu'bah as a stop. It was narrated by Ibn Abi Shaybah and others. And from Aisha: It was narrated by Ibn Adi from the narration of al-Hakam ibn Abdullah al-Ayli from al-Qasim from Aisha and from the narration of Umar ibn Ubaid al-Basri from Hisham from his father from her. Al-Hakam and Umar are weak. It was narrated by al-Tabarani in al-Awsat from the path of Ismail ibn Isa al-Attar, who said: "Omar ibn Abdul Jabbar narrated to us, Abdullah ibn Zayd ibn Adam narrated to us from Abu al-Darda, Abu Umamah, Wathilah, and Anas about it and said: It is not narrated except with this chain, which Ismail is unique in." I said: And the chain is unknown. His saying, "And their saying: A determination from the determinations of our Lord." This is part of a hadith narrated by Abu Dawood, al-Nasa'i, Ahmad, al-Hakim, and al-Bayhaqi from the narration of Bahz ibn Hakim from his father from his grandfather, in the midst of his hadith he said in it, "And whoever withholds it, meaning the zakah, then we will take it and half of his wealth is a determination from the determinations of our Lord. There is nothing for the family of Muhammad from it," and its chain is good. And their saying: A determination from the determinations of our Lord. From it: The determinations of kings. That is when a king says to someone under him: "I command you to do such and such," when he says that, there is no escape for the commanded one from doing it or any way to avoid it. Its reality is that it is from naming the object by the source, and its origin is from the determined matters, meaning: its decrees and obligations. It may also be a source in the meaning of the doer. Its origin is from the decisive matters, from His saying, "So when the matter is determined," like saying: The matter is serious, and the fighting is sincere. And this verse is enough to indicate the antiquity of these acts of worship, and that they were commanded in all nations, and that prayer has always been of great importance, preceding all else, and has been enjoined in all religions.

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