Tafsir for verse: 31:16
يَٰبُنَيَّ إِنَّهَآ إِن تَكُ مِثۡقَالَ حَبَّةٖ مِّنۡ خَرۡدَلٖ فَتَكُن فِي صَخۡرَةٍ أَوۡ فِي ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ أَوۡ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ يَأۡتِ بِهَا ٱللَّهُۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَطِيفٌ خَبِيرٞ ١٦ ﴿16
16(Luqmān went on saying to his son,) “My dear son, in fact, if there be anything to the measure of a grain of rye, and it be (hidden) in a rock or in the heavens or in the earth, Allah will bring it forth. Surely, Allah is All-Fine, All-Aware.
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Commentary

It was recited 'mithqal habbah' in both the accusative and nominative. Whoever recited it in the accusative, the pronoun refers to 'al-hinnah' [The saying 'al-hinnah min al-isa'ah' in the Sahih: 'hinn' is on the pattern of 'akh': a word of metaphor. Its meaning is: something, and its feminine form is: 'hinnah'. 'Al-qama'ah' means smallness and insignificance. This is mentioned in the Sahih (a)].' of wrongdoing or good deeds. That is, if it is, for example, in smallness and insignificance like a mustard seed, then despite its smallness, it is in the most hidden place and most safeguarded, like the inside of a rock. [Mahamud said: 'This is from the eloquence that is called completion.' Ahmad said: 'He means that it completed its concealment within itself by the hidden place of the rock, and this is in line with her saying as if it were a mark in his head of fire.'] Or wherever it may be in the upper or lower world, Allah will bring it forth on the Day of Resurrection and hold its doer accountable. Indeed, Allah is subtle, His knowledge reaches every hidden thing, and He is All-Aware of its essence. And from Qatadah: subtle in extracting it, All-Aware of its resting place. And whoever recited it in the nominative, the pronoun refers to the story, and the 'mithqal' is feminine because it is added to the seed, as it was said: 'As the blood has soaked the chest of the spear.' [The explanation of this evidence was previously mentioned in the first part, page 395, refer to it if you wish, O corrector.] And it was narrated that Ibn Luqman said to him: 'Do you see the seed being in the depths of the sea—meaning in its hiding place—does Allah know it?' He said: 'Indeed, Allah knows the smallest of things in the most hidden places, for the seed in the rock is more hidden than in the water.' And it was said: 'The rock is that which is beneath the earth, and it is the prison where the deeds of the disbelievers are recorded.' And it was recited: 'fatakun', with a kasrah on the kaf. From 'wakan al-tayr yakun': if it settles in its resting place, which is its abode at night.

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