Tafsir for verse: 30:39
وَمَآ ءَاتَيۡتُم مِّن رِّبٗا لِّيَرۡبُوَاْ فِيٓ أَمۡوَٰلِ ٱلنَّاسِ فَلَا يَرۡبُواْ عِندَ ٱللَّهِۖ وَمَآ ءَاتَيۡتُم مِّن زَكَوٰةٖ تُرِيدُونَ وَجۡهَ ٱللَّهِ فَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلۡمُضۡعِفُونَ ٣٩ ﴿39
39Whatever Ribā (increased amount) you give, so that it may increase in the wealth of the people, it does not increase with Allah; and whatever Zakāh you give, seeking Allah’s pleasure with it, (it is multiplied by Allah, and) it is such people who multiply (their wealth in real terms.)
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Commentary

This verse is in the meaning of Allah's saying: "Allah destroys usury and increases charity equally." He means by saying: And what you have given as usury, so that it may increase in their wealth, it does not increase in the sight of Allah nor is it blessed in it. And what you have given of zakah, meaning charity, seeking thereby His face purely, not seeking a reward or showing off and reputation, those are the ones who are multiplied, possessing the multiplication of good deeds. And a similar term to multiplied is strengthened and prosperous, for the one who has strength and wealth. It has been recited with the opening of the 'ayn. It is said that it was revealed regarding Thaqif, as they used to practice usury. It is said that the meaning is that a man gifts another man or presents to him, to compensate him more than what he gifted or presented. This increase is not forbidden, but the compensator is not rewarded for that increase. They said: Usury is of two types: the forbidden is every loan taken in which more is received or that brings benefit. What is not forbidden is to request in his gift or his present more than it. In the hadith: "The one who gives a gift is rewarded for his gift." It was narrated by Ibn Abi Shaybah and Abdul Razzaq from two sources from Ibn Sirin about Shurayh, with this being a stopping narration. It has been recited: And what you have given of usury, meaning: And what you have covered or approached in giving usury. It has been recited: So that you may increase, meaning: So that you may increase in their wealth, as in Allah's saying: "And He increases charity." And Allah's saying: "Those are the ones who are multiplied" is a good turn, as if He is saying to His angels and the special of His creation: Those are the ones who seek Allah's face with their charities: they are the multiplied ones. This is more praiseworthy for them than saying: So you are the multiplied ones. The meaning is: multiplied by Him, for there must be a pronoun referring back to what was mentioned, and another interpretation is that it is to be understood as: So those who are given, those are the multiplied ones. The omission is due to what is in the speech indicating it, and this is an easier approach, while the first is fuller in benefit.

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Al-ZamakhshariAbū al-Qāsim Maḥmūd ibn ʿUmar al-Zamakhsharī
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