Tafsir for verses: 29:10, 29:11
وَمِنَ ٱلنَّاسِ مَن يَقُولُ ءَامَنَّا بِٱللَّهِ فَإِذَآ أُوذِيَ فِي ٱللَّهِ جَعَلَ فِتۡنَةَ ٱلنَّاسِ كَعَذَابِ ٱللَّهِۖ وَلَئِن جَآءَ نَصۡرٞ مِّن رَّبِّكَ لَيَقُولُنَّ إِنَّا كُنَّا مَعَكُمۡۚ أَوَلَيۡسَ ٱللَّهُ بِأَعۡلَمَ بِمَا فِي صُدُورِ ٱلۡعَٰلَمِينَ ١٠ ﴿10﴾ وَلَيَعۡلَمَنَّ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَلَيَعۡلَمَنَّ ٱلۡمُنَٰفِقِينَ ١١ ﴿11﴾
10Among men there are those who say, “We believe in Allah”, but when they are persecuted in (the way of) Allah, they take the persecution of men, as equal to the punishment of Allah. And should any help come from your Lord, they will certainly say, “We were with you.” Is it not that Allah knows well what lies in the hearts of the people of all the worlds? 11Allah will certainly know those who believe and He will certainly know the hypocrites.
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Commentary

They are people who used to believe with their tongues. When harm came to them from the disbelievers, which is what is meant by the trial of people, that turned them away from faith, just as the punishment of Allah turns the believers away from disbelief. Or just as the punishment of Allah should turn them away. When Allah grants victory to the believers and gives them spoils, they would object and say, 'Indeed, we were with you,' meaning they were supporters of you in your religion, steadfast in it like your steadfastness. No one could lead us astray, so give us our share of the spoils. Then Allah, glorified and exalted is He, informed that He knows what is in the hearts of the worlds, of what is in their hearts. Among that is what these people conceal of hypocrisy. This is a revelation to the believers about what they have hidden. Then He promised the believers and warned the hypocrites. And it was recited: 'They will surely say,' with the 'lam' opened.

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Al-ZamakhshariAbū al-Qāsim Maḥmūd ibn ʿUmar al-Zamakhsharī
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