Commentary
If you say: And who was around him? I say: The nobles of his people. It is said: They were five hundred men wearing bracelets, and they were the kings specifically. If you say: The mention of the heavens and the earth and what is between them encompasses all creatures, what is the meaning of mentioning them and their fathers afterwards, and the mention of the east and the west? I say: It has been generalized at first, then specified from the general for the clarification of themselves and their fathers. Because the closest to what is being considered is the rational being itself and its offspring, and what it has witnessed and observed of the signs of the Creator, and the transition from one state to another from the time of birth to the time of death. Then the east and the west were specified, because the rising of the sun from one of the horizons and its setting in the other, in a straight measure in the seasons of the year and a balanced calculation, is one of the clearest evidences. Due to its clarity, it was used as an argument by the Friend of Allah, instead of arguing about life and death against Nimrod son of Canaan, and he was struck dumb who disbelieved. And it was recited: The Lord of the east and the west. He who sent to you with the opening of the hamzah.
If you say: How did he say first, 'If you are certain,' and later, 'If you understand'? I say: It is a denial at first, but when he saw their strong stubbornness in denial and their lack of attention to the presentation of the arguments, he harshly opposed: Your messenger is surely insane, by saying: 'If you understand.'
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