Commentary
The bird, when it intends to descend to land, breaks its wing and lowers it. When it intends to rise to fly, it raises its wing. Thus, lowering its wing when descending is made an example of humility and gentleness. From this, some say: 'And you are known for lowering the wing... so do not be in raising it like the Ajdhal.' [[This is likened to a bird that is tender towards its chicks and lowers its wing to them out of mercy. The lowering of the wing is borrowed for this as a metaphor, and it is supported by the saying: 'so do not be in raising it like the Ajdhal,' meaning similar to the Ajdhal, which is the falcon in harshness and severity, or in arrogance and pride. It is also possible that lowering the wing is a metaphor for what is required of tenderness, mercy, and gentleness, while raising it is a metaphor for harshness and severity. The contrast between lowering and raising is one of opposition.] ]
He forbids arrogance after humility. If you say: The followers of the Messenger are the believers, and the believers are the followers of the Messenger, what is His saying to those who have followed you from the believers? I say: There are two aspects: One is that He names them believers before entering into faith due to their proximity to it. The other is that He means by believers those who affirm with their tongues, and they are of two types: One type affirmed and followed the Messenger of Allah in what he brought, and the other type found nothing from him except affirmation alone. Then they are either hypocrites or sinners, and neither the hypocrite nor the sinner has their wing lowered for them. The meaning is: among the believers are those from your tribe and others. He means: Warn your people, and if they follow you and obey you, then lower your wing to them. If they disobey you and do not follow you, then disassociate yourself from them and their deeds of associating partners with Allah and others.
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