Commentary
He means by saying: And We have certainly made this saying clear among the people in the Qur'an and in other books and scrolls that were revealed to the messengers, blessings and peace be upon them. It is a mention of the creation of clouds and the sending down of rain. So that they may think and reflect, and recognize the true blessing in it and give thanks. But most of them refused except for denial of the blessing and ingratitude towards it, showing little concern for it. It was said: We have sent down rain among them in different lands and at varying times, and with differing qualities of heavy rain, light rain, drizzle, and continuous rain. The saying 'light rain' refers to weak rain. And 'continuous rain' is the plural of 'rahma,' which refers to weak, continuous rain, as mentioned in the dictionaries. So they refused except for ingratitude and to say: We have been rained upon by the influence of such and such a star, and they do not mention the creation of Allah and His mercy. And from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, it is said: There is no year that has less rain than another year, but Allah divides it among His servants as He wills. And he recited this verse. It was narrated by Al-Hakim and Al-Tabari from the narration of Al-Hasan ibn Muslim from Said ibn Jubair from Ibn Abbas. He said: 'There is no year that rains more than another year. But Allah sends it as He wills...' And there is a narration from Ibn Mas'ud that Al-Aqili reported from the narration of Ali ibn Hamid from Shu'bah, and Al-Aqili reported from the narration of Ali ibn Hamid from Shu'bah from Abu Ishaq from Abu Al-Ahwas from him, and it was said: It is not supported to raise it. Then it was narrated as a statement from Umar ibn Marzooq from Shu'bah, and he said: This is more appropriate. Ibn Mardawayh also reported it from another source from Ibn Mas'ud as a raised narration. It was narrated that the angels know the amount of rain and its measure every year, for it does not change, but the lands differ in it. From this, an answer is derived regarding the indefinite article used for land, livestock, and humans, as if it is said: To give life to some of the dead lands with it, and to water some of the livestock and humans, and that 'some' is much. If you say: Is it disbelief for one to attribute the rains to the stars? I say: If he sees it only as from the stars and denies that both it and the stars are from the creation of Allah, then he is a disbeliever. But if he sees that Allah is its creator and that He has set the stars as signs and indicators for it, then he is not a disbeliever.
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