Tafsir for verses: 25:38, 25:39
وَعَادٗا وَثَمُودَاْ وَأَصۡحَٰبَ ٱلرَّسِّ وَقُرُونَۢا بَيۡنَ ذَٰلِكَ كَثِيرٗا ٣٨ ﴿38 وَكُلّٗا ضَرَبۡنَا لَهُ ٱلۡأَمۡثَٰلَۖ وَكُلّٗا تَبَّرۡنَا تَتۡبِيرٗا ٣٩ ﴿39
38And (We annihilated also the peoples of) ‘Ād and Thamūd and the people of Rass, and many generations in between them. 39To each (of them) We cited examples, and each of them We brought to utter ruin.
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Commentary

The mention of 'Aad' is either in connection to 'them' in 'We made them' or to the wrongdoers, because the meaning is: and We promised the wrongdoers. And it has been recited: 'and Thamud,' based on its interpretation as the qibla. As for the one that is inflected, it is based on the interpretation of the living or because it is the name of the father of the greatest. It has been said regarding the people of the trench: they were a people from the idol worshippers, owners of wells and livestock. Allah sent to them Shu'ayb, and he called them to Islam. They persisted in their tyranny and in harming him. While they were around the trench, which is the well that is not covered, according to Abu 'Ubaidah, it collapsed beneath them, and they were swallowed up along with their dwellings. It has been said that the trench is a village in the region of Al-Falaj in Yamama, where they killed their prophet and perished, and they are the remnants of Thamud, the people of Salih. It has also been said that they are the companions of the prophet Hanthalah ibn Safwan, who were afflicted by the 'Anqa, which is the largest of birds, named for its long neck. It used to inhabit their mountain called Fath, and it would swoop down on their children and snatch them if it lacked prey. So Hanthalah prayed against it, and it was struck by lightning. Then they killed Hanthalah, and they were destroyed. It has also been said that they are the people of the trench, and the trench is the trench. It has been said that the trench is in Antioch, where they killed Habib the carpenter. It has been said that they denied their prophet and threw him into a well, meaning they buried him in it. Between that, meaning between what has been mentioned, the speaker may mention various things and then refer to them with that, and the counter may count numerous numbers and then say: so that is such and such, meaning: that which has been counted or numbered. We set forth examples for him, explaining to him the wondrous stories from the stories of the ancients, and we described to them what they brought upon themselves by denying the prophets and what punishment and destruction came upon them from Allah. And 'tatbir' means fragmentation and breaking. From it is 'tibr,' which is the crushing of gold, silver, and glass. And both the first is accusative due to what is indicated by 'We set forth examples for him,' which is: We warned. Or: We cautioned. The second is due to 'tibruna,' because it is empty for it.

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