Commentary
It was recited: 'He will give you to drink,' with an open 'taa', meaning: 'He will give you to drink from the cattle.' And from it, you eat, meaning it has benefits related to riding and carrying, and other than that, just as it relates to what is not eaten, such as horses, mules, and donkeys. And there is an additional benefit in it, which is eating, which is benefiting from their bodies. The reference to cattle is to camels, as they are what is usually ridden. And it was paired with 'the ships,' which are the vessels, because they are the ships of the land. Dhul-Rumma said: 'A ship of the land under the cheek of its reins.'
'Is it not that I saw Miah, and my companions have slept... So the only thing that startled me from my slumber was her greeting?
With paths and the load of the saddle tied to it... A ship of the land under the cheek of its reins.
I halted, and it dropped a town upon a town... Little were the sounds in it except for the sounds of the camels.'
Dhul-Rumma says: 'I saw Miah,' meaning: 'I sent forth her image and she showed it to me, and she greeted me in my sleep.' And the state was that my companions had slept, and 'companions' is like a group or company. And the sleep is attributed to them rather than him, because his sleep is a state of daze, meaning a slackness and forgetfulness at the beginning of sleep only. And 'daze' also means the swaying of the head from drowsiness, or because he remembers her as if he had not slept.
And it is narrated: 'Dhul-Kurra' instead of 'my companions,' so the only thing that startled me from my slumber and drove it away from me was her greeting. And it is narrated: 'Did Miah, daughter of Mundhir, not come to us... So the only thing that kept the sleepers awake was her greeting?'
And 'kept awake' means 'made sleepless,' and 'the sleepers' is the plural of 'sleeper,' and its measure is 'nawam,' so the 'yaa' is changed as an exception. And 'the paths' means coming at night, and it is an accusative of the source from 'saw.' For their meanings to meet. And it is said: 'the paths' - with an open 'taa' - is the she-camel that has reached the point where the male can mate with it, and it is the object of 'saw.'
And the most appropriate is that it is a state of its doer, and perhaps it is by way of comparison. And 'the load of the saddle' - with a dammah and with a kasrah - means its supports, meaning: while the supports of the saddle are tied to it, a great she-camel like a ship. So it was borrowed for it in a way of clarity, and its addition to the land is an indication of the metaphor. And in it, it stands in the land in place of the ship in the sea, and it corresponds to it, and 'the reins' is an indication, meaning: 'its reins under my cheek while I am sleeping.'
And 'the town' from the she-camel means what touches the ground when it kneels, and it is also called 'the chest.' And 'the town' is the solid ground. And 'the sounds' means the sound of the deer, meaning: 'I halted it, and it dropped solid bones like the ground,' so it was borrowed for it in a way of clarity, upon solid ground while that ground had little sounds in it except for the sounds of the she-camel, meaning: its sound resembling the sound of the deer, because it was a moan.
And the coming of the state from the indefinite without delay, negation, or specification is rare. And it is narrated: 'little' - in the genitive - as an adjective. And in any case, the sounds are the subject of it, and the raised exception is due to following, because 'little' is in the meaning of negation, meaning: there is no sound in it except for the sounds of the deer. And it is said that 'except' here means 'other than,' so it is an adjective for the sounds because it resembles the indefinite, and when the expression could not appear on it, it appeared on what follows.
Explore Other Scholars on This Verse
Compare different scholarly perspectives on Surah Al-Mu'minun verse 21