Tafsir for verse: 22:45
فَكَأَيِّن مِّن قَرۡيَةٍ أَهۡلَكۡنَٰهَا وَهِيَ ظَالِمَةٞ فَهِيَ خَاوِيَةٌ عَلَىٰ عُرُوشِهَا وَبِئۡرٖ مُّعَطَّلَةٖ وَقَصۡرٖ مَّشِيدٍ ٤٥ ﴿45
45How many towns have We destroyed, as they were wrongdoers! So, they are fallen down on their roofs, and (how many a) deserted well and (how many a) well-built castle!
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Commentary

Every elevated thing that shades you, whether it is the roof of a house, a tent, a canopy, or a vineyard, is called 'Arsh.' And 'the empty' refers to the fallen, from 'khawa' the star when it falls. Or 'the vacant,' from 'khawa' the house when it is empty of its inhabitants. And 'khawa' the belly of the pregnant woman. And His saying 'on its arsh' cannot be devoid of being related to 'khawiya,' meaning that it has fallen onto its roofs, that is, its roofs have collapsed onto the ground, then its walls have crumbled and fallen upon the roofs. Or it has fallen or is empty while its arsh remains intact and safe. Or it may be a news after news, as if it were said: it is empty, and it is on its arsh, meaning that it is standing overlooking its arsh, in the sense that the roofs have fallen to the ground, so it has become in the foundation of the walls, and the walls remain standing, thus it overlooks the fallen roofs. If you say: what is the grammatical position of the two sentences, namely 'and it is oppressive' and 'so it is empty'? I say: the first is in the accusative as a state, and the second has no position because it is conjoined to 'we destroyed it,' and this verb has no position. Al-Hasan read: 'ma'tala,' from 'a'talah' meaning it was abandoned. And the meaning of 'the abandoned' is that it is inhabited with water, and it has the tools for drawing water, but it has been abandoned, meaning: it has been left so that water is not drawn from it due to the destruction of its people. 'Al-mushayyad' refers to the plastered or elevated building. And the meaning is: how many towns have We destroyed? And how many wells have We abandoned from their waterers? And how many elevated palaces have We emptied of their inhabitants? So this is left as an indication of the abandoned. And this is evidence that 'on its arsh' means 'with' in many ways. It has been narrated that this well was descended upon by Saleh, peace be upon him, with four thousand men who believed in him. And Allah saved them from the punishment, and it is in Hadramaut. And it was named so because Saleh, when he arrived at it, died, and there is a town by the well named 'Hadourah,' built by the people of Saleh, and they appointed Jahlis ibn Jalas over them, and they remained there for a time, then they disbelieved and worshipped an idol. And Allah sent to them Hanzalah ibn Safwan as a prophet, and they killed him, so Allah destroyed them and abandoned their well and ruined their palaces.

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