It has been permitted and they are being fought, recited in the form of the active and passive voice together. The meaning is: He has permitted them in fighting, so the permission is omitted due to the indication of 'they are being fought' because they have been wronged, meaning due to being oppressed, and they are the companions of the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him. The polytheists of Mecca used to harm them severely, and they would come to the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, from among those who were beaten and wounded, complaining to him. He would say to them: 'Be patient, for I have not been commanded to fight,' until he migrated, then this verse was revealed, and it is the first verse in which permission for fighting was granted after it had been prohibited for over seventy times. [I did not find it like this. Al-Wahidi attributed it in Al-Wasīt to the commentators. I say: It is derived from the hadiths, the closest of which is what Ibn Abi Hatim narrated through Bakir ibn Ma'ruf from Muqatil ibn Hayyan, who said: 'Permission has been granted to those who are being fought because they have been wronged.' This is because the polytheists of the people of Mecca were harming the Muslims in Mecca, so they sought permission from the Prophet, blessings and peace be upon him, to fight them in Mecca. The Prophet, blessings and peace be upon him, forbade them from that. When the Prophet, blessings and peace be upon him, migrated to Medina, Allah revealed to him: 'Permission has been granted to those who are being fought because they have been wronged.' Al-Tabari mentioned that the companions, may Allah be pleased with them, sought permission from the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, to fight the disbelievers when they saw them attacking them in Mecca before the migration, secretly and openly: So Allah revealed: 'Indeed, Allah does not love every treacherous and ungrateful one.' When they migrated, they were allowed to take their wealth and fight them, so He said: 'Permission has been granted to those who are being fought' - the verse. It was said: It was revealed about a people who set out as emigrants, but the polytheists of Mecca intercepted them, so He permitted them to fight them. The reports about His ability to support them, many of them regarding victory, are in accordance with the words of the tyrants, and what has been mentioned about His protection of those who have believed indicates a similar number of these. Also, they say in the position of the genitive as a replacement from the right, meaning without a cause other than the oneness of Allah, which should be the cause for acknowledgment and empowerment, not the cause for expulsion and driving away. An example of this is: 'Do you find fault with us except that we have believed in Allah?' Allah repels some people by means of others: His showing and empowering the Muslims among them over the disbelievers through striving. Were it not for that, the polytheists would have dominated the people of different faiths in their times and over their places of worship, destroying them, and they would not have left for the Christians any churches, nor for their monks any monasteries, nor for the Jews any prayers, nor for the Muslims any mosques. Or the polytheists would have dominated the nation of Muhammad, blessings and peace be upon him, over the Muslims and the people of the Book who are under their protection, and destroyed the places of worship of both groups. And it was read: 'Defense.' And 'it would have been destroyed': in the lighter form. The church is called 'prayer' because prayer is performed in it. It was said: It is a borrowed word, its origin in Hebrew is: 'Saluṭha.' Who will support him, meaning support his religion and his allies: It is a revelation from Allah, glorified and exalted is He, about what the conduct of the emigrants, may Allah be pleased with them, will be if He grants them empowerment in the land and expands for them in this world, and how they will uphold the matter of the religion. And from Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him: 'By Allah, this is praise before trial.' He means: that Allah has praised them before they did the good that they have done. And they said: It is evidence for the correctness of the matter of the rightly guided caliphs, because Allah did not grant empowerment and the enforcement of the matter with just conduct to anyone other than them from the emigrants; there is no share in that for the Ansar or the freed slaves. And from Al-Hasan: They are the nation of Muhammad, blessings and peace be upon him. And it was said: 'Those' is in the accusative case as a replacement from His saying 'Who will support him.' And it appears to be in the genitive case, following 'those who were expelled.' And to Allah belongs the outcome of all matters, meaning its return is to His judgment and decree. And in it is a confirmation of what He promised regarding the support of His allies and the elevation of their word.