Tafsir for verses: 21:45, 21:46
قُلۡ إِنَّمَآ أُنذِرُكُم بِٱلۡوَحۡيِۚ وَلَا يَسۡمَعُ ٱلصُّمُّ ٱلدُّعَآءَ إِذَا مَا يُنذَرُونَ ٤٥ ﴿45 وَلَئِن مَّسَّتۡهُمۡ نَفۡحَةٞ مِّنۡ عَذَابِ رَبِّكَ لَيَقُولُنَّ يَٰوَيۡلَنَآ إِنَّا كُنَّا ظَٰلِمِينَ ٤٦ ﴿46
45Say, “I warn you only by revelation, but the deaf do not listen to the call when they are warned.” 46If a whiff of your Lord’s torment were to touch them, they would certainly say, “Alas to us! We were wrongdoers indeed.”
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Commentary

It was recited: 'And the deaf do not hear' and 'the deaf do not hear,' with the ta and the ya, meaning: you do not hear, O deaf, nor does the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, hear. And the deaf do not hear, from the one who makes hear. If you say: the deaf do not hear the call of the one who brings good tidings just as they do not hear the call of the one who warns, how then is it said: 'when they are warned'? I say: the lam in 'the deaf' refers to those who are being warned, being specific to them and not to the general category. The original is: 'and they do not hear when they are warned,' so the apparent is placed in place of the implied to indicate their deafness and their stopping up of their ears when warned. That is: they are in this state of boldness and audacity in their deafness to the signs of warning. And if the slightest thing of that which they are warned of touches them, they would submit and be humbled, and they would acknowledge that they have wronged themselves when they became deaf and turned away.

In the touching and the puff, there are three exaggerations, because the puff implies a small amount and scarcity. It is said: I puffed him with the animal, and it is a slight thrust. And he puffed him with a gift: he struck him, and it is for the act of once.

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Al-ZamakhshariAbū al-Qāsim Maḥmūd ibn ʿUmar al-Zamakhsharī
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