The Most Gracious is read in the genitive case as an attribute of the One who created, and the nominative is better. This is because it can either be a nominative in praise, on the assumption: He is the Most Gracious, or it can be a subject indicated by its preposition to the One who created. If you say: What is the position of the phrase 'He rose over the Throne' if you have genitively declined the Most Gracious or raised it in praise? I say: If you have genitively declined it, then it is the news of a deleted subject, nothing else. And if you have raised it, it can be that way, and it can also be that both the Most Gracious and it are two pieces of news for the subject. Since the rising over the Throne, which is the seat of kingship, is something that accompanies kingship, they made it a metaphor for kingship. They said: So-and-so rose over the Throne, meaning he is a king, even if he did not sit on the seat at all. They also said this due to its fame in that meaning and its equivalence to kingship in its implication, even if it is more elaborate, simpler, and clearer in depicting the matter.

An example of this is your saying: So-and-so's hand is open, and so-and-so's hand is restrained, meaning he is generous or stingy. There is no difference between the two expressions except for what I have said, to the extent that someone who has never opened his hand for giving or does not have a hand at all is said to have an open hand, due to their equivalence to their saying: He is generous. And from this is the saying of Allah, the Exalted: 'And the Jews said: The hand of Allah is restrained,' meaning He is stingy. Rather, His two hands are open, meaning He is generous, without any conception of a hand, restraint, or openness. The interpretation of the blessing and the justification for the duality is from the narrowness of the chest and the journey of years in the science of rhetoric. And what is beneath the earth is what is beneath the seven earths: from Muhammad ibn Ka'b and from Al-Suddi: it is the rock that is beneath the seventh earth.