Commentary
Except for a few days, forty days, the number of the days of worship of the calf. And regarding Mujahid: they used to say that the duration of this world is seven thousand years, and we are punished for every thousand years with one day. So, Allah will not break [UNTRANSLATED-LATIN: akhd] what is related to something omitted, its estimation being: if you take a covenant with Allah, then Allah will not break His covenant. And 'Am' may be equivalent meaning either of the two matters exists as a form of affirmation, because knowledge is certain regarding the existence of one of them. It may also be disjointed, 'Bala' affirming what follows the negation particle, which is His saying: 'The Fire will not touch us,' meaning: indeed it will touch you forever, as indicated by His saying: 'They will be in it, abiding.' Whoever earns a sin from the sins, meaning a major sin. [UNTRANSLATED-LATIN: qawl] 'meaning a major sin' was explained this way to align the verse with the belief of the Mu'tazila, which is that the doer of a major sin is eternally punished in the Fire, while the belief of the Ahl al-Sunnah is that only the disbeliever is eternally punished therein. They interpreted the sin as associating partners with Allah. In Al-Khazin, Ibn Abbas said: It is associating partners with Allah, which the one who dies upon it is surrounded by, and it closes the doors of salvation before him from every direction. (A) And his sin surrounded him and took control over him, just as an enemy surrounds and he could not escape from it [UNTRANSLATED-LATIN: al-tawbah] through repentance. And it was read: 'khataayah' and 'khati'aat.' It was said regarding the surrounding: his sin was more dominant than his obedience. A man asked Al-Hasan about the sin, and he said: Glorified is Allah! Do I not see you with a beard and you do not know what a sin is? Look in the Mushaf, for every verse in which Allah has prohibited it and informed you that whoever acts upon it will enter the Fire, that is the surrounding sin.
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