Commentary
It is not upon you to guide them. It is not required of you to make them guided. Mahmoud, may Allah have mercy on him, said, "It is not required of you to make them guided..." Ahmad, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The correct belief is that Allah is the One who creates guidance for whom He wills to guide, and that is the kindness, not as Al-Zamakhshari claims that guidance is not the creation of Allah but rather the servant creates it for himself. If Allah, the Exalted, has attributed guidance to Himself as in this verse, it is interpreted according to Al-Zamakhshari's claim as the kindness of Allah that leads the servant to create his guidance. This is nothing but fabrication, and this inclination is a consequence of their bad belief regarding the creation of actions. It is not upon us to guide them, but Allah guides whom He wills, and He is the One responsible for not causing our hearts to deviate after He has guided us. They are guided to cease from what they were prohibited from, such as boasting and harm, and spending from the impure and other than that. Your only duty is to convey to them the prohibitions. But Allah guides whom He wills and is kind to whom He knows that kindness will benefit him, so he refrains from what he was prohibited from. And whatever good you spend from your wealth is for yourselves; it is for your own benefit, and no one else benefits from it. So do not bestow it upon people nor harm them by being arrogant towards them. And whatever you spend is only for seeking the face of Allah and seeking what is with Him. So why do you boast about it and spend the impure which is not directed to Allah? And whatever good you spend will be rewarded to you multiplied many times over, so you have no excuse to turn away from spending it, and it should be in the best and most beautiful manner. It was said:
Aisha, the daughter of Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with them, performed Hajj, and her mother came to her asking her while she was a polytheist, and she refused to give her. Then this verse was revealed.
And from Sa'id ibn Jubair, may Allah be pleased with him: They used to avoid giving to their relatives who were polytheists. It was narrated that some Muslims had in-laws among the Jews and were suckled by them, and they used to spend on them before Islam. But when they embraced Islam, they disliked spending on them. It is said: "They disliked spending on them"; perhaps this is due to implying the meaning of giving. Or perhaps it is miswritten, and its original meaning is to benefit them. (A) And from some scholars: If he were the worst of Allah's creation, you would still have the reward for your spending. There is a difference of opinion regarding the obligation; Abu Hanifa, may Allah be pleased with him, permitted the distribution of Zakat al-Fitr to the People of the Covenant, while others opposed it.
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