Tafsir for verse: 2:247
وَقَالَ لَهُمۡ نَبِيُّهُمۡ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ قَدۡ بَعَثَ لَكُمۡ طَالُوتَ مَلِكٗاۚ قَالُوٓاْ أَنَّىٰ يَكُونُ لَهُ ٱلۡمُلۡكُ عَلَيۡنَا وَنَحۡنُ أَحَقُّ بِٱلۡمُلۡكِ مِنۡهُ وَلَمۡ يُؤۡتَ سَعَةٗ مِّنَ ٱلۡمَالِۚ قَالَ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ ٱصۡطَفَىٰهُ عَلَيۡكُمۡ وَزَادَهُۥ بَسۡطَةٗ فِي ٱلۡعِلۡمِ وَٱلۡجِسۡمِۖ وَٱللَّهُ يُؤۡتِي مُلۡكَهُۥ مَن يَشَآءُۚ وَٱللَّهُ وَٰسِعٌ عَلِيمٞ ٢٤٧ ﴿247
247Their prophet said to them: “Allah has appointed Tālūt as a king for you.” They said: “How could he have kingship over us when we are more entitled to the kingship than him? He has not been given affluence in wealth.” He said: “Allah has chosen him over you and has increased his stature in knowledge and physique, and Allah gives His kingship to whom He wills. Allah is All-Embracing, All-Knowing.’
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Commentary

Talut is a foreign name like Jalut and Dawud. It is prevented from being declined due to its definiteness and foreignness. They claim it is derived from 'tall' because of the description of his stature. Its form, if it is from 'tall', is 'Fa'luut' from it, its origin being 'Tawlut'. However, the prevention of its declension negates that it could be from this, unless it is said that it is a Hebrew name that coincides with an Arabic one, just as 'Hinta' coincides with 'Hinta', and 'Bashmala' corresponds to 'Rakhmana Rakhima' in 'In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful'. Thus, it is from 'tall' as if it were Arabic, and one of the reasons for its foreignness is that it is Hebrew, how and from where, which is a denial of his kingship over them and a rejection of it. If you say: What is the difference between the two waw's in: (And we are more deserving) and (And he was not given)? [[Mahamud said: 'If you say what is the difference between the two waw's... etc.' Ahmad said: 'The essence of this is that the first waw indicates its clause as a state by itself and the second clause is also a state but through the conjunction waw. This perspective is of the easy yet impossible.']] I say: The first is for the state, and the second is for the conjunction of the clause to the clause that is in a state, and they are both combined under the ruling of the waw of the state. The meaning is: How can he possess over us while he does not deserve possession due to the existence of one who is more deserving of kingship, and he is poor, and kingship must have wealth to support it. They said this because prophethood was in the tribe of Levi, the son of Jacob, and kingship was in the tribe of Judah, and Talut was not from either tribe, and because he was a poor water carrier or tanner. It is narrated that their prophet called upon Allah when they asked him for a king, and he brought a stick to measure who would rule over them, and only Talut was equal to it. Allah said: 'Indeed, Allah has chosen him over you,' meaning that Allah is the one who chose him for you, and He knows what is best for you, and there is no objection to Allah's decree. Then he mentioned two benefits that are more advantageous than what they mentioned of lineage and wealth, which are extensive knowledge and physical stature.

It appears that the intended meaning of knowledge is the understanding of what they requested regarding matters of war. It may also refer to knowledge of religions and other matters. It is said that he was inspired and appointed as a prophet, for kingship must be from the people of knowledge, as the ignorant is despised and of no benefit, and he must be physically imposing to fill the eye, for he is greater in the souls and more awe-inspiring in the hearts.

And 'bastah' means width and extension. It is narrated that the standing man would extend his hand to reach his head. 'He gives kingship to whom He wills,' meaning kingship is given to him without dispute, and He gives it to whom He deems fit for kingship. 'And Allah is All-Encompassing in grace and giving,' He expands for those who do not have abundance of wealth and enriches them after poverty. 'He is All-Knowing of whom He chooses for kingship.'

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