Al-'Ardah: It is a noun meaning that which is affected, like al-Qabdah and al-Ghurfah. It is the name of what you present in front of something, like the presentation of a stick over a container, which then obstructs and prevents access to it. You say: So-and-so is an 'Ardah against goodness. Al-'Ardah also refers to the one exposed to a matter. It was said:

"Do not make me an 'Ardah for the reproachers" [[Leave me to grieve like the cooing of doves... and do not make me an 'Ardah for the reproachers.]]

It is said to be by Abu Tammam. He says: Leave me to grieve for what I feel of longing and the burning of love like the cooing of doves. It is narrated: for the cooing of doves, thus it is a reason for the one who is affected along with his reason. Al-'Ardah: the one exposed to a matter, meaning: do not make me exposed to the blame of the reproachers. Or the intended meaning of the reproachers: types of blame in exaggeration, similar to: the serious seriousness of seriousness, because the reproacher is indeed the one who performs the blame.]

And the meaning of the verse in the first interpretation: that the man used to swear on some good deeds, such as maintaining family ties, reconciling between people, doing good to someone, or worship, then he says: I fear Allah that I may break my oath, so he leaves the good deed intending the good in his oath. It was said to them: And do not make Allah an 'Ardah for your oaths, meaning a barrier to what you swore to do.

And what is sworn upon is called an oath because it is associated with the right hand, as the Prophet, blessings and peace be upon him, said to Abdur-Rahman ibn Samurah: "If you swear an oath and see something better than it, then go to what is better and expiate for your oath" [[Narrated by the five imams from the narration of al-Hasan al-Basri from Abdur-Rahman ibn Samurah.]] meaning on something from what he swore upon. And His saying: "That you do good and be conscious of Allah and reconcile" is an explanatory conjunction for your oaths, meaning for the matters sworn upon which are goodness, piety, and reconciliation among people. If you ask: What does the 'lam' in 'for your oaths' relate to? I say:

To the verb, meaning do not make Allah a barrier and a separation for your oaths. It may also relate to: ('Ardah') for what it contains of the meaning of obstruction, meaning do not make Him something that obstructs goodness, from the one who obstructed me like this. It may also be that the 'lam' is for the purpose, relating to 'that you do good' to the verb or to 'Ardah', meaning do not make Allah an 'Ardah for the sake of your oaths to do good. And its meaning in the other interpretation: And do not make Allah exposed to your oaths so that you trivialize Him by frequently swearing by Him, and for this reason, it is condemned in what is mentioned (And do not obey every worthless swearer) with the most severe of condemnations and made the swearer its introduction. And 'that you do good' is a reason for the prohibition, meaning the desire to do good and be conscious of Allah and reconcile, because the frequent swearer is audacious against Allah, not venerating Him, so he cannot be good or conscious of Allah, and people do not trust him, so they do not include him in their mediations and reconciliation among themselves.

Al-Laghw: the fallen that is not considered in speech and others. And for this reason, what is not considered in the blood money of the offspring of camels is called 'Laghw', and the Laghw of the oath is the fallen that is not considered in oaths, which is that which has no binding. The evidence for this is (But He will hold you accountable for what you have bound your oaths), (For what your hearts have earned). The jurists differed in this matter. According to Abu Hanifah and his companions, it is that he swears on something he thinks is as he swore, then it turns out to be otherwise. And according to al-Shafi'i: it is the saying of the Arabs: No, by Allah, and Yes, by Allah, with which they emphasize their speech and do not intend to swear. If one of them were told: I heard you swearing in the Sacred Mosque, he would deny that, and perhaps he said: No, by Allah, a thousand times. And it has two meanings:

One of them (He will not hold you accountable) meaning He will not punish you for the Laghw of the oath that one of you swears by assumption, but He will punish you for what your hearts have earned, meaning what you have committed of the sin of intending to lie in the oath, which is to swear on what he knows is contrary to what he says, and this is the false oath. And the second (He will not hold you accountable) meaning you are not obliged to expiation for the Laghw of the oath that has no intention with it, but you are obliged to expiation for what your hearts have earned, meaning for what your hearts intended and aimed at from the oaths, and not just what the tongue has earned. And Allah is Forgiving, Forbearing, as He did not hold you accountable for the Laghw in your oaths.