‘Who’ is a descriptive noun because it occurs after every indefinite noun. Its occurrence after ‘Lord’ in the saying: ‘Lord of whom you have cooked his heart with the heat of his anger against me, and he did not obey, meaning he cannot bear the cause of it. And the thorn is what sticks in the throat from bone or similar. And ‘difficult’ refers to his state. And ‘his exit’ means his exit is raised by description. Nothing has harmed me except that he envies me, from ‘he harmed him’ means he harms him harm if he harms him. So he cries like the cry of the male gazelle: which is the male of the day, and it is common to liken the criticized honor to the eaten flesh in a direct manner. Then the poet likens it to the fertile pasture where the animals graze. Or he likens the backbiter to an animal in the pasture in a metaphorical way, and ‘grazing’ means to feed. It is possible to use it as a metaphor for suitable eating for flesh, then for suitable stabbing for honor in a direct manner, meaning: when my honor is alone, he backbites as he wishes.

Ibn Mas'ud and Abu Haywah read ‘the Most Gracious comes’ in its original form before the addition. ‘Counting’ means: he counted them with his knowledge and encompassed them and counted them, those who believed that the angels and Jesus and Ezra are the sons of Allah, they were between two disbeliefs, one of which is the saying that the Most Gracious can be a father. And the second: associating those whom they claimed to be sons of Allah in His worship, as people serve the sons of kings in their service to their fathers. So Allah destroyed the first disbelief in the previous verses, then followed it by destroying the second disbelief. The meaning is: there is no deity for them in the heavens and the earth from the angels and from people except that he comes to the Most Gracious, meaning: he seeks refuge in Him and turns to His lordship as a submissive, obedient, humble, fearful, and hopeful servant, as slaves do and as it is required of them, he does not claim for himself what these misled ones claim for him. And similar to His saying: ‘Those are the ones who call upon Him seeking a means to their Lord, which of them is nearer, and they hope for His mercy and fear His punishment.’ And all of them are fluctuating in His kingdom, subdued by His might, and He is overseeing them, encompassing them, and carrying their affairs and details, and how they are and their quantity, nothing of their states escapes Him. And each one of them will come to Him on the Day of Resurrection alone, with none of these polytheists with him, and they are free from them.