Tafsir for verses: 18:89, 18:90, 18:91
ثُمَّ أَتۡبَعَ سَبَبًا ٨٩ ﴿89 حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا بَلَغَ مَطۡلِعَ ٱلشَّمۡسِ وَجَدَهَا تَطۡلُعُ عَلَىٰ قَوۡمٖ لَّمۡ نَجۡعَل لَّهُم مِّن دُونِهَا سِتۡرٗا ٩٠ ﴿90 كَذَٰلِكَۖ وَقَدۡ أَحَطۡنَا بِمَا لَدَيۡهِ خُبۡرٗا ٩١ ﴿91
89Thereafter, he followed a course, 90until when he reached the point of sunrise, he found it rising over a people for whom We did not make any shelter against it. 91Thus it was, and Our knowledge fully comprehends whatever (wealth and equipment) he had with him.
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Commentary

And it was recited: 'matla', with the opening of the letter 'lam', and it is a source. The meaning is: he reached the place of the sunrise, as in the saying: 'As if the trail of the ram-shedding winds is its tails.' This is attributed to Al-Nabigha. The 'mujar' is not a place of dragging, but rather it is a source meaning dragging, because if it were a name of a place, it would not have taken the accusative case. Then it is necessary to estimate an addition to make it correct to report that it is 'qadim', meaning the place of dragging, that is, the location where the ram-shedding winds drag their tails upon it is 'qadim', meaning a white skin that has been adorned and beautified by the scribes for writing. The winds are called 'ramasat' from 'ramas', meaning to conceal, because they carry the dust and throw it upon the traces, thus burying them. The tails are metaphorically used for what follows the ground from the winds in a manner of clarification. It is permissible that the winds are likened to women for their long garments that they drag on the ground, and the tails are a figurative expression.

He means: As if the traces of the ram-shedding winds are upon a people, it is said that they are the Zanj. And the 'sitr' refers to the buildings. And from Ka'b: 'Their land does not hold buildings, and it has flocks. When the sun rises, they enter them. When the day rises, they go out to their livelihoods.' And from some of them: 'I traveled until I surpassed China, and I inquired about these people, and it was said: Between you and them is a journey of a day and a night. So I reached them, and if one of them is spreading his ear and wearing the other. I had a companion who knows their language, and they said to him: 'Have you come to see how the sun rises?' He said: 'While we were like that, we heard a sound like the sound of rattling.' Then I fainted, and then I regained consciousness, and they were rubbing me with oil. When the sun rose over the water, it was above the water like oil. They admitted us into a flock of theirs, and when the day rose, they went out to the sea and began to catch fish and lay them in the sun to cook for them. And it was said: 'The 'sitr' is the clothing.' And from Mujahid: 'Those who do not wear clothes from the Sudanese at the sunrise are more than all the people of the earth.' Likewise, the matter of Dhul-Qarnayn is likewise, meaning as we have described it, magnifying his matter. 'And We have encompassed what is with him of soldiers and tools and means of kingship with knowledge, increasing that.' And it was said: 'We did not make for them a covering like that covering which We made for you from the mountains, fortresses, buildings, and shelters of every kind, and clothing of every type.' And it was said: 'He reached the sunrise like that, meaning: as he reached its sunset.' And it was said: 'It rises upon a people like that tribe upon whom it sets, meaning they are disbelievers like them, and their ruling is like their ruling in punishing those who remain among them in disbelief, and in doing good to those who believe among them.'

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