Tafsir for verses: 17:45, 17:46, 17:47, 17:48
وَإِذَا قَرَأۡتَ ٱلۡقُرۡءَانَ جَعَلۡنَا بَيۡنَكَ وَبَيۡنَ ٱلَّذِينَ لَا يُؤۡمِنُونَ بِٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ حِجَابٗا مَّسۡتُورٗا ٤٥ ﴿45 وَجَعَلۡنَا عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمۡ أَكِنَّةً أَن يَفۡقَهُوهُ وَفِيٓ ءَاذَانِهِمۡ وَقۡرٗاۚ وَإِذَا ذَكَرۡتَ رَبَّكَ فِي ٱلۡقُرۡءَانِ وَحۡدَهُۥ وَلَّوۡاْ عَلَىٰٓ أَدۡبَٰرِهِمۡ نُفُورٗا ٤٦ ﴿46 نَّحۡنُ أَعۡلَمُ بِمَا يَسۡتَمِعُونَ بِهِۦٓ إِذۡ يَسۡتَمِعُونَ إِلَيۡكَ وَإِذۡ هُمۡ نَجۡوَىٰٓ إِذۡ يَقُولُ ٱلظَّٰلِمُونَ إِن تَتَّبِعُونَ إِلَّا رَجُلٗا مَّسۡحُورًا ٤٧ ﴿47 ٱنظُرۡ كَيۡفَ ضَرَبُواْ لَكَ ٱلۡأَمۡثَالَ فَضَلُّواْ فَلَا يَسۡتَطِيعُونَ سَبِيلٗا ٤٨ ﴿48
45When you recite the Qur’ān, We place an invisible curtain between you and those who do not believe in the Hereafter, 46and We put covers on their hearts barring them from understanding it, and (We put) deafness in their ears; and when you refer to your Lord alone (without referring to their presumed deities,) in the Qur’ān, they turn their backs in aversion. 47We are fully aware of the reason for which they listen, when they listen to you, and when they are in secret consultation: when the transgressors say, “You are following none but a bewitched man.” 48See how they have made (silly) statements about you; so they have gone astray and cannot find a way.
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Commentary

A concealed veil, like their saying. A flood that overwhelms. It is said: it is a veil that is not seen, so it is concealed. It may also mean that it is a veil behind which there is another veil or veils, so it is concealed by something else. Or it is a veil that prevents sight, so how can the one who is veiled by it see? This is a recounting of what they used to say: 'And they said, Our hearts are in coverings from what you call us to, and in our ears is deafness, and between us and you is a veil.' It is as if he said: 'And when you recite the Qur'an, we place upon them, according to their claim, a barrier so that they do not understand it, out of dislike for them to understand it.' Or because of His saying, 'And We placed upon their hearts coverings,' there is a meaning of preventing understanding, as if it were said: 'And We prevented them from understanding it.' It is said: he limits, he defines, he sets a limit, a limit. Similar to the verb 'to promise' which means to run, to chase, and a promise. And 'limit' is from the same category as 'to return' to its beginning. And do your utmost and your capacity in that it is a source that suffices for the state, its origin: he limits, he defines, meaning one, a limit. And 'repulsion' is a source meaning turning away. Or it is the plural of 'repellent' like 'sitting' and 'sitters,' meaning: they love that their idols be mentioned with you because they are polytheists. So when they hear about monotheism, they turn away from what they hear with mockery of you and the Qur'an. And from the idle talk: he would stand to his right when two men from the tribe of Abd al-Dar read, and two of them to his left, and they would clap and whistle and mix their poetry upon him. And 'with it' is in the position of a state as you say they listen with mockery, meaning mockingly. And 'when they listen' is in the accusative case by 'He knows,' meaning: 'He knows the time of their listening by what they listen to.' And 'when they are in private conversation' and by what they converse about, when they are in private conversation, when they say. It indicates from 'when they are' that he is bewitched, enchanted. And it is said: it is from magic, meaning the lung, that is: he is like you. They have struck for you examples, comparing you to the poet, the magician, and the madman, and they have gone astray in all of that, astray like one who seeks in the wilderness a path to tread but cannot find it, so he is bewildered in his affair, not knowing what to do.

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