Tafsir for verses: 17:102, 17:103, 17:104
قَالَ لَقَدۡ عَلِمۡتَ مَآ أَنزَلَ هَٰٓؤُلَآءِ إِلَّا رَبُّ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ بَصَآئِرَ وَإِنِّي لَأَظُنُّكَ يَٰفِرۡعَوۡنُ مَثۡبُورٗا ١٠٢ ﴿102 فَأَرَادَ أَن يَسۡتَفِزَّهُم مِّنَ ٱلۡأَرۡضِ فَأَغۡرَقۡنَٰهُ وَمَن مَّعَهُۥ جَمِيعٗا ١٠٣ ﴿103 وَقُلۡنَا مِنۢ بَعۡدِهِۦ لِبَنِيٓ إِسۡرَٰٓءِيلَ ٱسۡكُنُواْ ٱلۡأَرۡضَ فَإِذَا جَآءَ وَعۡدُ ٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ جِئۡنَا بِكُمۡ لَفِيفٗا ١٠٤ ﴿104
102He (Mūsā) said, “You know well that these (signs) are sent down by none but by the Lord of the heavens and the earth as eye-openers. And, I am afraid O Pharaoh, you are going to be destroyed.” 103Then he (Pharaoh) tried to harass them to drive them out of the land, so We drowned him and those with him altogether, 104and thereafter We said to the children of Isrā’īl, “Live in the land. So, when the appointed time of the Hereafter will come, We shall bring you all joined together.”
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Commentary

Certainly, you have known, O Pharaoh, that these signs are not sent down except by Allah, the Exalted and Majestic, as clear insights that are revealed. But you are obstinate and arrogant. And similarly, they denied it while their souls were certain of it, out of injustice and pride. It is recited 'you knew' with a Dhamma, meaning: I am not bewitched as you described me, rather I am knowledgeable of the truth of the matter.

And that these signs are sent down by the Lord of the heavens and the earth. Then he challenged his own suspicion, as if he said: If you think I am bewitched, then I think you are doomed and destroyed, and my suspicion is more correct than yours, because it has a clear sign, which is your denial of what you know to be true, and your arrogance towards the signs of Allah after they have become clear. As for your suspicion, it is pure falsehood, because your saying, while you know the truth of my matter, 'I think you are bewitched' is a lie. Al-Farra' said: 'doomed' means turned away from good, sealed upon your heart, from their saying: What has turned you away from this?

And Ubayy ibn Ka'b recited: 'And I think you, O Pharaoh, are doomed,' meaning: the lightened and the distinguishing 'lam.' So Pharaoh intended to belittle Moses and his people from the land of Egypt and to expel them from it, or to eliminate them by killing and extermination. But his plot surrounded him, as Allah provoked him by drowning him along with his people. 'Dwell in the land that Pharaoh intended to expel you from, and when the promise of the Hereafter comes,' meaning the Day of Resurrection, 'We will bring you together, mixed, you and them.' Then He will judge between you and distinguish between your happy ones and your wretched ones: and 'the mixed' refers to groups from various tribes.

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Al-ZamakhshariAbū al-Qāsim Maḥmūd ibn ʿUmar al-Zamakhsharī
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