And they swore by Allah, connected to the saying of those who associated partners, indicating that they are two great acts of disbelief, truly described, that they should be narrated and recorded: attributing their sins to the will of Allah, and their denial of resurrection, swearing upon it. And indeed, the affirmation is for what comes after the negation, meaning: indeed, He will resurrect them. And the promise of Allah is a confirming source for what is indicated by 'indeed.' For the resurrection is a promise from Allah, and it is made clear that fulfilling this promise is a right that is obligatory upon Him in wisdom. But most people do not know that they will be resurrected or that it is an obligatory promise upon Allah, for they say: nothing is obligatory upon Allah, neither reward for the doer nor anything else from the obligations of wisdom. To clarify for them, related to what is indicated by 'indeed,' meaning He will resurrect them to clarify for them. The pronoun refers to those who die, and it is general for both believers and disbelievers, and what they differed in is the truth. And to know that those who disbelieved have lied in their saying: 'If Allah had willed, we would not have worshipped anything besides Him,' and in their saying: 'Allah does not resurrect those who die.' And it is said: it may relate to His saying: 'And We have indeed sent in every nation a messenger,' meaning We sent him to clarify for them what they differed in, and that they were in misguidance before him, fabricating lies against Allah.