Tafsir for verses: 12:47, 12:48, 12:49
قَالَ تَزۡرَعُونَ سَبۡعَ سِنِينَ دَأَبٗا فَمَا حَصَدتُّمۡ فَذَرُوهُ فِي سُنۢبُلِهِۦٓ إِلَّا قَلِيلٗا مِّمَّا تَأۡكُلُونَ ٤٧ ﴿47 ثُمَّ يَأۡتِي مِنۢ بَعۡدِ ذَٰلِكَ سَبۡعٞ شِدَادٞ يَأۡكُلۡنَ مَا قَدَّمۡتُمۡ لَهُنَّ إِلَّا قَلِيلٗا مِّمَّا تُحۡصِنُونَ ٤٨ ﴿48 ثُمَّ يَأۡتِي مِنۢ بَعۡدِ ذَٰلِكَ عَامٞ فِيهِ يُغَاثُ ٱلنَّاسُ وَفِيهِ يَعۡصِرُونَ ٤٩ ﴿49
47He said, “You will grow crops for seven years consecutively. So, what you have harvested, leave it in its ear, except a little which you eat. 48Then seven hard years shall come after that, which shall eat up what you have stored for them, except a little which you preserve (to sow). 49Then there shall come after that a year in which people will have rains and in which they will extract juices.”
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Commentary

You plant is news in the meaning of command, like His saying: "You believe in Allah and His Messenger and you strive." The command appears in the form of news for the sake of emphasis on the obligation of what is commanded, making it as if it exists, thus it is reported about.

And the evidence for it being in the meaning of command is His saying: "So leave it in its ear." Dā'ban, with the hamza being either silent or pronounced, both are sources: dā'ba in work, and it is a state of those commanded, meaning they are diligent: either on the basis of "you are diligent" or on the occurrence of the source as a state, meaning: those who have diligence. "So leave it in its ear" so that it does not become spoiled. And "they eat" is from the figurative attribution: making the eating of their families attributed to them. "You protect" means you guard and conceal. "People are aided" from al-ghawth or from al-ghayth. It is said: "The land was watered," if it rained. From it is the saying of the Bedouin: "We were watered as we wished."

"They press" with the yā and the tā: they press grapes, olives, and sesame. It was said: they milk the udders.

And it was recited: "they are pressed," in the passive form, from "he pressed it" if he saved it, which corresponds to the aid. It may be that it is in the active form meaning they save, as if it were said: "In it people are aided and in it they aid themselves," meaning Allah aids them and they aid one another. It was also said: "they press" means they rain, from "the cloud pressed." In it are two aspects: either that "pressed" is given the meaning of "rained," thus it is transitive. Or it may be said: the origin is "it pressed upon them" so the preposition was omitted and the verb was connected.

The interpretation of the fat cows and the green ears is years of abundance, and the lean and dry ones are years of drought. Then he gave them glad tidings after the interpretation of the dream that the eighth year will come blessed, fertile, full of goodness, and abundant in blessings, and that is from the direction of revelation. And from Qatadah: Allah increased him in the knowledge of the year.

If you say: It is known that the years of drought, when they end, their ending is with abundance, otherwise they would not be described as ending, why did you say that knowledge of that is from revelation? I say: That is known with absolute knowledge, not detailed. And His saying: "In it people are aided and in it they press" is a detail of the state of the year, and that is known only by revelation.

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