Tafsir for verses: 12:39, 12:40
يَٰصَٰحِبَيِ ٱلسِّجۡنِ ءَأَرۡبَابٞ مُّتَفَرِّقُونَ خَيۡرٌ أَمِ ٱللَّهُ ٱلۡوَٰحِدُ ٱلۡقَهَّارُ ٣٩ ﴿39 مَا تَعۡبُدُونَ مِن دُونِهِۦٓ إِلَّآ أَسۡمَآءٗ سَمَّيۡتُمُوهَآ أَنتُمۡ وَءَابَآؤُكُم مَّآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ بِهَا مِن سُلۡطَٰنٍۚ إِنِ ٱلۡحُكۡمُ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ أَمَرَ أَلَّا تَعۡبُدُوٓاْ إِلَّآ إِيَّاهُۚ ذَٰلِكَ ٱلدِّينُ ٱلۡقَيِّمُ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكۡثَرَ ٱلنَّاسِ لَا يَعۡلَمُونَ ٤٠ ﴿40
39O my fellow prisoners, are different gods better or Allah, the One, the All-Dominant? 40Whatever you worship, other than Him, are nothing but names you have coined, you and your fathers. Allah has sent down no authority for them. Sovereignty belongs to none but Allah. He has ordained that you shall not worship anyone but Him. This is the only right path. But most of the people do not know.”
AI-Assisted Translation: This translation was produced by AI agents carefully trained over several months and thoroughly reviewed. It does NOT replace the scholarship of traditional scholars and is intended as a step in the right direction to make classical tafsir more accessible. There may still be inaccuracies—please report them promptly so we can improve the translation quality.

Commentary

O my two companions of the prison, he means, O my companions in the prison. He added them to the prison as one would say: O thief of the night. Just as the night is a time when theft occurs but is not itself stolen, so the prison is accompanied by someone who is not imprisoned. The one who is imprisoned is Joseph, peace be upon him. This is similar to your saying to your two companions: O companions of truth, where you add them to truth, but you do not mean that they accompanied truth. Rather, it is like saying a truthful man, and you have called them companions because they are your companions. It is also possible that he means: O inhabitants of the prison, like his saying, 'companions of the Fire' and 'companions of Paradise.' He means the distinction in number and abundance. He says, 'Is it better for you to have various lords, each of whom enslaves as this one does and enslaves as that one does, or for you to have one overpowering Lord who cannot be resisted or shared in lordship? Rather, He is the overpowering one.' This is a parable he struck for the worship of Allah alone and the worship of idols. 'What you worship' is addressed to them and to those of their religion from the people of Egypt, except for names. This means that you have named what does not deserve divinity as gods, then you began to worship them. It is as if you do not worship except empty names that have no meanings behind them. The meaning of 'you have named them' is that you have named them with that. It is said: I named him Zayd, and I named him Zayd. 'What Allah has not sent down with it' means with its naming, from authority or proof. 'Indeed, the judgment in the matter of worship and religion is only for Allah.' Then he clarified what he ruled by saying, 'He commanded that you not worship except Him. That is the upright religion, the established one that is supported by proofs.'

Explore Other Scholars on This Verse

Compare different scholarly perspectives on Surah Yusuf verse 40

Al-ZamakhshariAbū al-Qāsim Maḥmūd ibn ʿUmar al-Zamakhsharī
Learn more about Al-Zamakhshari
971 / 2978