It was revealed in Mina during the Farewell Pilgrimage, so it is Medinan. It is the last to be revealed of the surahs and its verses are 3. "It was revealed after At-Tawbah." 'In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.'

"When the victory of Allah comes and the conquest." The word "when" is in the accusative case due to "comes," and it refers to what is to come. The announcement of this was before it became one of the signs of prophethood. It is narrated that it was revealed during the days of Tashreeq in Mina during the Farewell Pilgrimage.

If you ask: What is the difference between victory and conquest, so why is it mentioned together? I say: Victory is the assistance and manifestation over the enemy. From it: Allah assisted the earth by providing it with rain. And conquest refers to the opening of lands. The meaning is: the victory of the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, over the Arabs, or over Quraysh and the conquest of Mecca. It is said: It is a type of Allah's victory for the believers and the opening of the lands of polytheism to them. The conquest of Mecca occurred ten days into the month of Ramadan in the eighth year, and with the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, were ten thousand from the emigrants and the supporters and groups of Arabs. He stayed there for fifteen nights, then he went to Hawazin. When he entered it, he stood at the door of the Kaaba and then said: There is no god but Allah alone, He has no partner. He fulfilled His promise, assisted His servant, and defeated the confederates alone. Then he said: O people of Mecca, what do you think I will do with you? They said: Good, a noble man and the son of a noble man. He said: Go, for you are free. So the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, freed them.

[This was narrated by Ibn Ishaq in the Sirah. Al-Bukhari narrated from Ibn Abbas that "the Prophet, blessings and peace be upon him, left Mecca in Ramadan," and he said: "He arrived there on the thirteenth of Ramadan." In the Dalail, from the path of Ibn Ishaq from Az-Zuhri and others, it is said: "It was opened on the tenth remaining days."]

And Allah, the Exalted, had enabled him to have power over their necks by force, and they were for him a war booty. Therefore, the people of Mecca were called the freed ones. Then they pledged allegiance to him in Islam in the religion of Allah, in the religion of Islam, to which no other religion can be added. And whoever seeks a religion other than Islam, it will not be accepted from him.

Groups of people entered it, entire tribes, after they had been entering one by one and two by two. And from Jabir ibn Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with him, it is reported that he cried one day, and it was said to him. He said: I heard the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, say: "People entered the religion of Allah in groups, and they will exit from it in groups."

[This was narrated by Ahmad, Ishaq, Ibn Marduwaih, and Al-Thalabi from the narration of Al-Awza'i: Abu Ammar told me, a neighbor of Jabir ibn Abdullah said: "I returned from a journey, and Jabir ibn Abdullah came to me and greeted me. I began to talk to him about the division of people and what they had innovated. He began to cry. Then he said: I heard - and he mentioned it." There is a supporting narration from Abu Huraira in Al-Ayn from Al-Mustadrak.]

And it is said: By "people" he meant the people of Yemen. Abu Huraira said:

When it was revealed, the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, said: "Allah is the Greatest! The help of Allah and victory has come, and the people of Yemen have come: a people with soft hearts. Faith is from Yemen, and understanding is from Yemen, and wisdom is Yemeni." [[Narrated by Ibn Mardawayh through the chain of Abdul Razak who reported from Hisham ibn Hassan from Muhammad ibn Sirin from him. Its origin is in Muslim without what is at the beginning. There is a corroborating report in Ibn Hibban and Al-Nasa'i from the hadith of Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him.]] And he said: "I find the call of your Lord from Yemen." [[Narrated by Al-Tabarani in Al-Awsat and in the Musnad of the people of Ash-Sham through the chain of Jarir ibn Othman from Shabib ibn Ruh from Abu Huraira with a hadith that begins with "Faith is from Yemen" and its chain is acceptable. There is a corroborating report from the hadith of Salamah ibn Nufail Al-Sakuni in Musnad Al-Bazzar, Al-Tabarani Al-Kabir, and Al-Bayhaqi in Al-Asma. In its chain is Ibrahim ibn Sulayman Al-Aftas. Al-Bazzar said: He is not well-known.]] And from Al-Hasan: When the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, conquered Mecca, the Arabs came to one another, saying: Since he has triumphed over the people of the sanctuary, he cannot be opposed. And Allah had protected them from the People of the Elephant and from everyone who intended them, so they entered into Islam in crowds without fighting. Ibn Abbas read: "The opening of Allah and victory," and it was read: "They enter," in the passive form. If you say: What is the position of "they enter"? I say: The accusative is either for the state, on the basis that "I saw" means "I perceived" or "I recognized," or it is a second object on the basis that it means "I knew." So glorify your Lord with praise and say: "Glory be to Allah," praising Him, meaning: So be astonished at Allah's facilitation of what no one could have imagined, that anyone could overcome the people of the sanctuary, and praise Him for His action. Or: So remember Him, glorifying and praising, as an increase in your worship and praise of Him, for the increase of His grace upon you. Or: So dedicate it to Him. Umm Hani reported: When he opened the door of the Kaaba, he prayed the forenoon prayer of eight rak'ahs. [[I did not find it like this: Its apparent meaning suggests that he prayed it inside the Kaaba, and in the two Sahihs from the hadith of Umm Hani: "On the day of the conquest of Mecca, the Prophet, blessings and peace be upon him, bathed in her house and prayed eight rak'ahs." Abu Dawood narrated it with the wording: "The Prophet, blessings and peace be upon him, prayed the forenoon prayer of eight rak'ahs, greeting in every two rak'ahs." Its chain is authentic, and it has been narrated by Ahmad, Ibn Abi Shaybah, Al-Tabarani, Ibn Hibban, Abu Ya'la, Al-Bayhaqi, Al-Hakim, and Al-Tabari from many chains exceeding thirty ways, none of them mentioned this addition.]] And from Aisha: He, blessings and peace be upon him, used to frequently say before his death: "Glory be to You, O Allah, and with Your praise, I seek Your forgiveness and turn to You in repentance." [[Agreed upon, and the wording is from Muslim.]] The command to seek forgiveness along with glorification completes the matter with what is the foundation of religion: the combination of obedience and caution from sin, and for his command to be with that, despite his protection, as a kindness to his nation. And seeking forgiveness is from humility before Allah and self-effacement; it is an act of worship in itself. And from the Prophet, blessings and peace be upon him: "I certainly seek forgiveness a hundred times in a day and night." [[Narrated by Muslim from the hadith of Al-Agharr Al-Muzani.]] It is reported that when the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, recited it to his companions, they rejoiced, and Al-Abbas cried. The Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, said: "What makes you cry, O uncle?" He said: "I have been informed of your death." He said: "It is as you say." [[Mentioned by Al-Thalabi from Muqatil, and its chain to him is without the book.]] He lived for two years after that without being seen laughing or rejoicing. It is said that Ibn Abbas was the one who said that, and the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, said: "This boy has been given much knowledge." [[I did not find it.]] It is narrated that when it was revealed, the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, delivered a sermon and said: "Indeed, a servant was given the choice between this world and meeting his Lord, and he chose to meet Allah." Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, understood it and said: "We ransom you with our souls, our wealth, our fathers, and our children." [[Agreed upon, its origin is from the hadith of Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri without the beginning of it being at the time of the revelation of the surah. Yes, there is something that suggests that this was in the last part of his life and its revelation was in the last part of his life without dispute.]] And from Ibn Abbas that Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, used to bring him close and permit him to be with the people of Badr. Abdul Rahman said: "Do you permit this young man to be with us while among our children are those like him?"

He said, "Indeed, he is among those whom you have knowledge of. [It was narrated by al-Bukhari from the hadith of Ibn Abbas, its meaning. And it does not specify Abdur-Rahman ibn Awf. Al-Hakim added it but erred. It was narrated by al-Bazzar and its last wording is in agreement with the last wording of the compiler.]" Ibn Abbas said: "One day he permitted them, and he permitted me with them. He asked them about the saying of Allah, the Exalted: 'When the victory of Allah has come.' And I do not think he asked them except for my sake. Some of them said: 'Allah commanded His Prophet that when He grants him victory, he should seek forgiveness from Him and repent to Him.' I said: 'Not so, but my soul has been announced to me.' Then Umar said: 'I do not know anything of it except what you know.' Then he said: 'How can you blame me for it after what you see?' And it is reported from the Prophet, blessings and peace be upon him, that he called Fatimah, may Allah be pleased with her, and said: 'O my daughter, indeed my soul has been announced to me.' So she cried. He said: 'Do not cry, for you are the first of my family to join me.' [It was narrated by al-Bayhaqi in the later parts of al-Dala'il and Ibn Mardawayh from the narration of Hilal ibn Khabbab from Ikrimah from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: 'When the verse 'When the victory of Allah has come and the conquest' was revealed, the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, called Fatimah and said to her: 'Indeed, my soul has been announced to me.' So she cried. He said to her: 'Be patient, for you are the first of my family to join me.' Some of the wives of the Prophet, blessings and peace be upon him, said to her. The hadith and its witness are in the two Sahihs from the hadith of Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, narrated by Masruq from her at length.]" And from Ibn Mas'ud that this surah is called the Surah of Farewell. It was always accepting repentance, meaning that in the past times since the creation of those accountable, He was accepting their repentance when they sought forgiveness. So every seeker of forgiveness should expect something like that. From the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him: 'Whoever recites the surah 'When the victory of Allah has come' will be given the reward like one who witnessed with Muhammad on the day of the conquest of Mecca.' [It was narrated by al-Thalabi, al-Wahidi, and Ibn Mardawayh with the chain to Abu ibn Kab.]