Tafsir for verses: 11:9, 11:10, 11:11
وَلَئِنۡ أَذَقۡنَا ٱلۡإِنسَٰنَ مِنَّا رَحۡمَةٗ ثُمَّ نَزَعۡنَٰهَا مِنۡهُ إِنَّهُۥ لَيَـُٔوسٞ كَفُورٞ ٩ ﴿9﴾ وَلَئِنۡ أَذَقۡنَٰهُ نَعۡمَآءَ بَعۡدَ ضَرَّآءَ مَسَّتۡهُ لَيَقُولَنَّ ذَهَبَ ٱلسَّيِّـَٔاتُ عَنِّيٓۚ إِنَّهُۥ لَفَرِحٞ فَخُورٌ ١٠ ﴿10﴾ إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ صَبَرُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ لَهُم مَّغۡفِرَةٞ وَأَجۡرٞ كَبِيرٞ ١١ ﴿11﴾
9If We give man a taste of Our mercy and then take it away from him, he becomes highly desperate, utterly ungrateful. 10And if We give him a taste of comfort after a hardship has touched him, he will say, “Evils have gone away from me”, (and thus) He will become over-exulting, boastful, 11except those who are patient and do good deeds. Such people will have Allah’s forgiveness and a great reward.
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Commentary

Man, by nature, is a mercy, a blessing of health, safety, and abundance. Then We took it away from him, and then We stripped him of that blessing. Indeed, he is in a state of great despair, hopeless that such a stripped blessing will return to him. He cuts off his hope from the vast grace of Allah, without patience or submission to His decree, nor does he seek to return. He is ungrateful, greatly ungrateful for what has passed of his fluctuations in the blessings of Allah. He is forgetful of the evils that have departed from him, meaning the calamities that have troubled him. Indeed, he is joyful, arrogant, boastful over the people for what Allah has given him of His blessings. He is preoccupied with joy and pride, neglecting gratitude, except for those who believe. For their habit, when they receive mercy, is to be grateful, and when a blessing is removed from them, they are patient.

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Al-ZamakhshariAbū al-Qāsim Maḥmūd ibn ʿUmar al-Zamakhsharī
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