Tafsir for verses: 11:82, 11:83
فَلَمَّا جَآءَ أَمۡرُنَا جَعَلۡنَا عَٰلِيَهَا سَافِلَهَا وَأَمۡطَرۡنَا عَلَيۡهَا حِجَارَةٗ مِّن سِجِّيلٖ مَّنضُودٖ ٨٢ ﴿82 مُّسَوَّمَةً عِندَ رَبِّكَۖ وَمَا هِيَ مِنَ ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ بِبَعِيدٖ ٨٣ ﴿83
82So, when Our command came to pass, We turned their habitations upside down, and rained on it stones of hard clay, one over another 83marked from your Lord. And it is not far from the transgressors.
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Commentary

We made its high part its low part. Gabriel placed his wing beneath it, then lifted it to the sky until the people of the sky heard the barking of dogs and the crowing of roosters. Then he turned it over them and followed them with stones from above, made of [UNTRANSLATED-LATIN:sijjil], which is said to be an Arabicized word from [UNTRANSLATED-LATIN:sankal], evidenced by His saying: 'stones of clay.' It is said that it is from [UNTRANSLATED-LATIN:asjalahu], meaning to send it, because it is sent upon the wrongdoers. This is supported by His saying: 'So that We may send upon them stones.' It is said to be from what Allah has decreed to punish with from the [UNTRANSLATED-LATIN:sijjil], and [UNTRANSLATED-LATIN:sijjil] for so-and-so is stacked. [The term 'stacked' in the dictionaries means: he stacked his belongings, placing some on top of others.] It is stacked in the sky, prepared for punishment. It is said that some of it is sent in succession, following one another, marked and designated for punishment. Al-Hasan said it was marked with whiteness and redness. It is said that it has a sign by which it is known that it is not from the stones of the earth. It is said that on each one is written the name of the one it will be thrown at, and it is not far from every wrongdoer. In it is a warning for the people of Mecca. And about the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace be upon him, it is reported that he asked Gabriel, peace be upon him, about the wrongdoers of his nation. He said: 'There is not a wrongdoer among them except that he is under the threat of a stone falling upon him from time to time.' It is said that the pronoun refers to the towns, meaning it is close to the wrongdoers of Mecca; they pass by it in their paths, far from something distant. It is also permissible to mean: and it is not in a distant place, because although it is in the sky, which is a distant place, when it falls from it, it is the fastest thing to reach the target, so it is as if it is in a place close to it.

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Al-ZamakhshariAbū al-Qāsim Maḥmūd ibn ʿUmar al-Zamakhsharī
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